Labial side

Tooth type and position are often noted with a combination of numbers and letters, depending on the species. Each tooth has a lingual side, adjacent to the tongue, and a labial surface, which is closest to the lips (if there are any). The posterior teeth are at the back of the mouth, and the anterior to the front. The occlusal surface is the area where opposing teeth meet during chewing or biting. 

A person who has had even just one outbreak of labial herpes in their life is at serious risk of a recurrence in the days following a peel to the papillary or reticular dermis. This cannot be considered as just a potential complication. On the contrary, it should be considered as an almost certain side-effect of peels to these depths. Herpes prevention is therefore obligatory. Only Touch is a deep peel that reaches the reticular dermis, but because its use is limited to areas of 1 cm in diameter at most, the immune defenses are not damaged enough to trigger herpes, and there have been no cases of herpes described after this peel. No prevention is necessary. 

The silks of insects like the silkworm Bombyx mori have been mentioned several times in this chapter in fact, far more is known about the biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics of the silkworm than of any spider. There are many similarities between insect silks and spider silks, e.g. the predominance of amino acids with short side chains or the occurrence of some sequence motifs, which can help to understand the general principles involved in the generation of their material properties. Yet, there are also major differences that have to be taken into account. Most insect silks are used as cocoons or protective webs in larval stages and originate in labial glands [32]. In contrast. 

Figure 14.3 Primitive chondrichthyan dentitions, (a) Stethacanthus sp., cranium reconstructed in lateral view showing the braincase (after Coates and Sequeira 1998), mandibular and hyoid arches in articulation. The dentition consists of seven well spaced tooth files along each half-jaw. The smaller, older teeth of each file are retained and displaced onto the outer, labial surface (statodont type), (b) Stethacanthus sp., an individual, multicusped, mandibular tooth, (c) Chlamydoselachus, the (extant) frilled shark, dorsal view of lower jaw showing well spaced tooth files of a 340 mm embryo (after Smith 1937). (d) Chlamydoselachus, side view of mandibular tooth (after Smith 1937). (e) Palatal view of the primitive holocephalan, Helodus (after Patterson 1965), showing a dentition of widely spaced, statodont tooth files, (f) Helodus, a single tooth file (nearside surface is labial).

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