L-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone

Table 4.9. Azo groups-containing poly(l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) prepared from 11.1 g VP (0.1 Mol) in bezene (33.3g)59)...

Table 4.10. Synthesis of block copolymers of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile by precipitation polymerization in terr-butylalcohol 5 g prepolymer, 5 g acrylonitrile, 45 g /erf-butylalcohol polym. temp. 60 °C polym. time 144 h monomer feed 0.1 ml/h...

The separation of the crude products was carried out in the following way The crude product was first dissolved in DMF and then, by slowly adding methanol to this solution, the polyacrylonitrile was precipitated and separated. After evaporation of the solvent mixture the poly(l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) could be extracted with methanol. 

Comonomer l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) comonomer can be purified by distillation at reduced pressure prior to use. Potassium persulfate (KPS) can be purified in a mixture of water and methanol. NIPAM-co-VP copolymers with different amounts of VP can be prepared at temperatures lower or higher than the LCST of PNIPAM by free radical polymerization in water with an initiator of KPS/N,N,N/,N/-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) redox. The resultant copolymer can be harvested by precipitation, i.e., pouring the reaction mixture into an equal volume of methanol. Each resultant copolymer can be further purified by several cycles of re-dissolution in water and precipitation in methanol to ensure a complete removal of residual monomers. The final product can be dried under reduced pressure at 40 °C. 

Scheme 2 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Poly(NIPAM-co-VP))...

Using this approach, hydrophilic (neutral or ionic) comonomers, such as end-captured short polyethylene oxide (PEO) chains (macromonomer), l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP), acrylic acid (AA) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), can be grafted and inserted on the thermally sensitive chain backbone by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solutions at different reaction temperatures higher or lower than its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). When the reaction temperature is higher than the LOST, the chain backbone becomes hydrophobic and collapses into a globular form during the polymerization, which acts as a template so that most of the hydrophilic comonomers are attached on its surface to form a core-shell structure. The dissolution of such a core-shell nanostructure leads to a protein-like heterogeneous distribution of hydrophilic comonomers on the chain backbone. 

A simple synthesis of alkaloids of the nicotine type is exemplified by that of myosmine (41) and is outlined in Scheme 8. It employs l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as... 

SYNS VINYLBUTYROLACTAM N-VINYLPYR-ROUDINONE N-VINYL-2-PYRROUDINONE 1-VINYL-2-PYRROUDINONE VINYLPYRROUDONE N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE (ACGIH) l-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE V-PYROL... 

SYNS CROSPOVIDONE PVPP l-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE CROSSLINKED INSOLUBLE POLYMER... 

The same Cr-carbene complex reacts with l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone to give the metathesis product a-methoxystyrene and with 1-phenyl-1-piperidinoethylene to give both the cyclopropane derivative and a new carbene (the inorganic metathesis product) ... 

Mora, M., Pato, J. and Tudos, F. (1989) Polymeric prodmgs, 6. Synthesis and examination of 6-purinethiol bound to poly(l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-maleic acid). Makromo/. Chem. 190 1967-1974. 

Kato et al. [23] prepared polymers using vinylimidazole as coordinator and l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and divinylbenzene (DVB) as cross-linkers. Unlike Nishide s... 

When a miniemulsion polymerization initiated by Co y-rays was carried out to synthesize polystyrene particles [65], the dose rate and total dose were each found to aflect the size of the latex particles. Y-Hke branched surfactants were synthesized and used for y-ray miniemulsion polymerization at room temperature [66] moreover, 2wt% polyurethane used as a hydrophobe for the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene was suflBdent to ensure a shelf-Hfe of one year for the miniemulsion [67]. In both cases [66, 67], the particle size and distribution were preserved throughout the polymerization. The copolymerization of styrene with l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone as a polar monomer in the presence of dodecane in the oil droplets, also led to the production of nanocapsules [68]. Subsequent H NMR spectroscopic analyses showed that graft copolymers had been obtained via radiation-induced polymerization, rather than random copolymers. Hence,... 

The thiacrown ether monomers (15) were polymerized and copolymerized with styrene [100-42-5] and A -vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (AT-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, vinylbutyrolac-tam, etc) [88-12-0] by radical polymerization, giving the thiacrown ether pol3uner ligands which had binding selectivity for Ag(I) and Hg(II) ions. These polymers are likely to be efficient sorbents for the heavy metal ions imder industrial conditions, since they can be used repeatedly under acidic conditions (15,16). 

The reaction of carbene complexes with enamines has been found to give cyclopropanes in low yield (Dorter et at., 1974). Reaction of carbene complexes with l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in the absence of added CO pressure gives alkene scission products (Dorrer and Fischer, 1974a), whereas at high CO pressure products possibly derived from ketenes are obtained (Dorrer and Fischer, 1974b) (see Scheme 11). 

Acrolein eould be grafted onto imidazole-eontaining polymers [poly4(5)-vinylimidazole) or copolymers of 4(5)-vinylimidazole with aeryl amide, styrene, l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 4-vinylpyridine, aerylates, and methyl vinyl ketone] in ethanol or an ethanol-water mixture at 0°C under nitrogen [115-117]. 

A 1% solution is slightly (reversibly) irritant to skin and eyes. The iodine bound in the complex is less corrosive and toxic than free iodine. The carrier material poly (l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) polymer presents favourable toxicity data, too ... 

AFM is often chosen for topological characterization of the modified surface Fig. 1.13 shows the surface graft polymerization of l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone onto a silicon surface, accomplished by atmospheric pressure hydrogen plasma surface activation, followed by graft polymerization in both A-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)... 

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