L-Glutamic acid decarboxylase

Hsu CC, Davis KM, Jin H, Foos T, Floor E, Chen W, Tyburski JB, Yang CY, Schloss JV, Wu JY (2000) Association of L-glutamic acid decarboxylase to the 70-kDa heat shock protein as a potential anchoring mechanism to synaptic vesicles. J Biol Chem 275 20822-20828. 

Induced CD bands were observed for L-glutamic acid decarboxylase in the bands of the pyridoxal phosphate coenzyme near 400 nm [(359) and refs, cited therein],... 

The configuration of the amino acids was determined by using l-glutamic acid decarboxylase and D-amino acid oxidase. The complete structure of viscosin was thus established as (50) (720). 

Manometric determiaation of L-lysiae, L-argioine, L-leuciae, L-ornithine, L-tyrosiae, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, and L-aspartic acid has been reviewed (136). This method depends on the measurement of the carbon dioxide released by the T.-amino acid decarboxylase which is specific to each amino acid. 

D-glutamic acid L-glutamic acid Glu decarboxylase + Glu racemase iMctohac. brevis 207... 

Kaufman, D. L., Clare-Salzler, M., Tian, J., Forsthuber, T., Ting, G. S. P., Sercarz, E. E., Tobin, A. J., and Lehmann, P. V. (1993). Spontaneous loss of T-cell tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase in murine insulin-dependent diabetes. Nature (London) 366, 69-72. 

Tisch, R., Yang, X. D., Singer, S. M., Liblau, R. S., Fugger, L., and McDevitt, H. O. (1993). Immune response to glutamic acid decarboxylase correlates with insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice. Nature (London) 366, 12-15. 

D-Glutamic acid has been detected in samples of poly-a,L-glutamic acid (PGA) irradiated in 1% solution at pH 6.8 (Na salt). The D-glutamic acid was measured in hydrolyzates of the polymer by an enzymic method 36). A specific enzyme, L-glutamate decarboxylase E. coli), converts L-glutamic... 

An enzyme (cathepsin) hydrolyzes L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine to carbobenzoxy-L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine. It has been found (Frantz and Stephenson,/. Biol. Chem., 169,359,1947) that the glutamic acid formed in the hydrolysis, inhibits (competitively) the progress of the reaction by forming a complex with cathepsin. The course of the reaction is followed by adding tyrosme decarboxylase which evolves C02. 

Cenci, M. A., Lee, C. S. and Bjorklund, A. (1998). L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat is associated with striatal overexpression of prodynorphin-and glutamic acid decarboxylase mRNA. Eur. J. Neurosci. 10(8), 2694-2706. 

Jennes L, Stumpf W, Bissette G, Nemeroff CB (1984) Monosodium glutamate lesions in rat hypothalamus studied by immunohistochemistry for gonadotropin releasing hormone, neurotensin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and glutamic acid decarboxylase and by autoradiography for [3H] estradiol. Brain Res 308 245-253. 

Glutamic acid decarboxylase catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid. 

Glutamic acid decarboxylase was assayed in a final volume of 100 / L containing 40 /tL of 200 mAf potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 10 / L of 5 mM L-glutamic acid, 5 / L of 0.2 mAf pyridoxal 5 -phosphate, 40 /tL of homogenate (2 mg protein/mL), and 1 fig of gabaquline (inhibitor of y-aminobutyric acid degradation). The reaction was stopped by the addition of 10 fiL of 100% trichloroacetic acid. After centrifugation, 5 fiL of standard 8-aminovaleric acid solution and 90 fiL of o-phthaldehyde solution (2 mg/mL 0.4 M borate buffer, pH 10.4) was added and the mixture was allowed to react for 3 to 5 minutes before injection of 20 fiL into the HPLC system. The reaction was linear for 20 minutes. 

Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Reutiman TJ, Thuras PD (2009a) Expression of GABA(B) receptors is altered in brains of subjects with autism. Cerebellum 8(l) 64-69 Fatemi SH, Halt A, Stary J, Kanodia R, Schulz SC, Realmuto G (2002a) Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 kDa proteins are reduced in parietal and cerebellar cortices of autistic subjects. Biol Psychiatry 52 805-810... 

Benagiano, V., Lorusso, L., Coluccia, A., Tarullo, A., Flace, P., Girolamo, F., Bosco, L., Gagiano, R., Amhrosi, G. (2005). Glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABS immunoreactivities in the cerebellar cortex of adult rat after prenatal exposure to a low concentration of carbon monoxide. Neuroscience 135 897-905. 

Cassel, G., Karlsson, L., Sellstrom, A. (1991). On the inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase and gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase by sodium cyanide. P/iarmaco/. Toxicol. 69 238-41. 

Fig. I. Metabolic map for synthesis and metabolism of glutamate and aspartate. AAT = aspartate aminotransferase AS = asparagine synthetase GAD = glutamic acid decarboxylase GDH = glutamate dehydrogenase GS = glutamine synthetase OAT = ornithine D-aminotransferase P5CDH = l-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogena.se PAG = phosphate-activated glutaminase PO = proline oxidase TCA = tricarboxylic acid.

Westenbroek, R.E., Westrum, L.E., Hendrickson, A.E. and Wu, J.-Y. (1987) Immunocytochemical localization of cholecystokinin and glutamic acid decarboxylase during normal development in the prepyriform cortex of rats. Dev. Brain Res., 34, 191-206. 

Avesani L, Falorni A, Battista G, et al. Improved in planta expression of the human islet autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65). Transgenic Res., 2003 12(2) 203-212. 

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