L,3-/?-D-Glucan

Echinocandins (i.e. caspofungin), semisynthetic lipo-peptides, inhibits the synthesis of (3-(l,3)-D-glucan, an... 

Manners D.J., Masson A.J. Patterson J.C. (1973a) The sductiwe of a j8-(l-3)-D-glucan fixMn yeast cell walls. BiochemJ, 135, 19-30. 

Karinaga R, Koumoto K, Mizu M et al (2005) PEG-appended beta-(l->3)-D-glucan schizophyllan to deliver antisense-oligonucleotides with avoiding lysosomal degradation. Biomaterials 26(23) 4866-4873... 

Karinaga R, Anada T, Minari J et al (2006) Galactose-PEG dual conjugation of beta-(l->3)-D-glucan schizophyllan for antisense oligonucleotides delivery to enhance the cellular uptake. Biomaterials 27(8) 1626-1635... 

As the X-ray diffraction diagrams of an oriented gel (Fig. 6) are poorly crystalline, it has been useful to conduct X-ray crystal structure analyses of oligomer of 3-(l->-3)-D-glucan. The molecular structures of laminarabiose and its acetyl derivative have been determined. 

The extracellular microbial polysaccharide curdlan is essentially a linear homopolymer of 6-(l-3)-D-glucan as illustrated in Figure 1. It is produced from the mutant strain of the bacteria Alcaligenis faecalis and was first isolated and investigated by Harada and coworkers (J -3) who coined the name curdlan to describe the gelling behaviour of the polysaccharide at elevated temperatures. 

Since the 5-position of successive saccharide units occur on the outside surface of the triple-strand molecule it was evident after the discovery of such a model for B-(1-3)-D-xylan that a similar structure would be feasible for e-(l-3)-D-glucan. 

Some anti-frmgal agents such as tricyclazole produce a weakening of cell walls by inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. More recently, several compounds that target the p-(l,3)-D-glucan and chitin synthases have been developed. 

Echinocandins inhibit formation of j3(l,3)D-glucans in the cell wall < /Candida and caspofungin is approved for clinical use. Susceptible fungi include Candida and Aspergillus species. Resistance can be conferred in C. albicans by mutation in one of the genes that encodes /3f l,3)D-glucan synthase. Azole-resistant isolates of C. albicans remain susceptible to echinocandins. 

A polysaccharide produced in vitro by glucosyltransferases from a species of Streptococcus has been characterized as a (l->3)- -D-glucan by procedures including the action of an enzyme preparation [considered to be a mixture of endo- and exo-(l->3)- -D-glucanases] from a species of Penicillium the enzyme hydrolyzed the polysaccharide to n-glucose. This result explained the resistance, to the action of dextranase, of the... 

Sveinbjomsson, B., Rushfeldt, C., Seljehd, R., and Smedsrod, B., Inhibition of establishment and growth of mouse liver metastases after treatment with interferon gamma and beta-l-3-D-glucan, Plepatology, 27, 1241-1248,1998. 

Kawabata S, Muta T. SadaaM Iwanaga Discovery of the lipopolysaccharide- and beta-l,3-D-glucan-mediated proteolytic cascade and unique noteins in invtatebrate immunity. J Biochem. 2010 147 611-8. 

Morikawa K., Xakeda S., Yamazaki M., Mizuno D., Induction of tumoricid activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by a linear p-l,3-D-glucan and other immunomodulators in murine cells. Cancer Res., 45(4), 1985,1496-1501. 

Shepherd MG. Cell envelope of Car Jii olbieoru. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol 1987 15 7-25. Manners DJ, Masson AJ, Patterson JC. The structure of a P-l,3 D-glucan from yeast cell walls. Biochem J 1973 135 19-30. 

Bluhm TL, Sarko A (1977) The triple helical structure of lentinan, a linear p-(l—>3)-D-glucan. Can J Chem 55 293-299... 

A. Wiater, R. Paduch, M. Pleszczynska, K. Prochniak, A. Choma, M. Kandefer-Szerszen, et al, a- (l->3)-d-Glucans from fruiting bodies of selected macromycetes fungi and the biological activity of their carboxymethylated products, Biotechnol Lett., 33,787-795,2011. 

Yamamoto, K., Kimura, T., Sugitachi, A., and Matsuura, N. 2009. Anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of beta-l,3-D-glucan purified fi om Hanabiratake, Sparassis crispa. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin, 32(2), 259-63. 

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