Sparassis crispa

Leucocoprinus badhamii and Volvariella volvacea, 47 was the major metabolite. Arsenocholine (55) and the tetramethylarsonium ion (53) were present in a few species, generally in low concentrations. Arsenobetaine (54) was the main compound in Sparassis crispa [123]. 

Arsenocholine also occurs commonly in marine animals, usually as a trace constituent. One exception is the turtle Dermochelys coriacea where arsenocholine was a significant arsenic constituent in the liver (19). Arsenocholine has been found in terrestrial organisms and can occur as the major arsenical in some species. For example, it is the major arsenical in the fungus Sparassis crispa, although the concentration of total arsenic in S. crispa is quite low ( 1 p,g As/g dry mass) (20). 

Of particular interest, however, is the presence of arsenobetaine as a major arsenical in many species of fungi (20). In addition, several fungal species contain arsenocholine and/or tetramethylarsonium ion, and Sparassis crispa contains arsenocholine as the major arsenical (20). These three arsenic compounds had traditionally been considered metabolites of marine animals before their discovery in fungi. 

Yamamoto, K., Kimura, T., Sugitachi, A., and Matsuura, N. 2009. Anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects of beta-l,3-D-glucan purified fi om Hanabiratake, Sparassis crispa. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin, 32(2), 259-63. 

Yoshitomi, H., Iwaoka, E., Kubo, M., Shibata, M., and Gao, M. 2011a. Beneficial effect of Sparassis crispa on stroke through activation of Akt/eNOS pathway in brain of SHRSP. Journal of natural medicines, 65(1), 135—41. 

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