Kunckel

Kunckel, Johann. "An experimental confirmation of chymical philosophy." In Pyrotechnical discourses, 1-180.. ... 

McLean has this note "Although credited in Wing and the British Library catalogue, this appears not to be the work by Christoph Grummet [or Brummet] Kunckel s assistant"... 

Unlike Brandt, Kunckel published a paper describing the properties of phosphorus, without revealing anything about how it was made. He also discovered that phosphorus could be made from many organic substances and claimed that he could make phosphorus from mammals, fish, birds, and plants. Thus, for more than a century, he came to be regarded as the discoverer of phosphorus. 

Thus, Brandt remained in obscurity, while both Kraft and Kunckel were given the credit for discovering the element that he had first prepared. 

Kunckel, J., Vollsfflndiges Laboratorium chymicum, Riidigersche Buch-... 

One day Kunckel proudly exhibited to a friend in Hamburg—much as a modern chemist might show a specimen of hafnium or rhenium— a phosphorescent substance. To his great surprise, the friend had not only seen this substance before, but offered to take Kunckel to the home of the medical alchemist, Dr. Brand, to see a still more remarkable substance that shines spontaneously in the dark. Brand, they found, had given away his entire supply, but he took Kunckel to the home of a friend to see the wondrous element. 

Kunckel, in the heat of excitement, wrote immediately to his friend, Dr. Johann Daniel Krafft of Dresden. The latter, however, proved to be a false friend, for, without replying to Kunckel s letter, he went immediately to Hamburg and bought the secret from Brand for two hundred thalers. Just as the transaction was being made, Kunckel arrived on the scene. All his attempts to learn the secret process failed, but he did find... 

Kunckel not only prepared phosphorus, but also cast it in molds to obtain the stick phosphorus now familiar to all chemistry students. He also introduced its use as a medicinal, and his famous book on the subject bears the curious title Treatise of the Phosphorus Mirabilis, and Its Wonderful Shining Pills (10). It is pleasant to know that his phosphorus researches were not without reward, for Duke Johann Friedrich of Hanover paid him an annual pension for the rest of his life (9). 

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, 1646-1716 German mathematician, philosopher, historian, and scientist. Independent discoverer of the differential calculus He was personally acquainted widi Brand and Krafft, and wrote a detailed account of the discovery of phosphorus, including biographical sketches of Brand, Krafft, Kunckel, and Becher. 

According to Leibniz, Brand was not secretive, but, on the contrary, gave over the process too readily to Krafft and Kunckel in return for some little gifts and the promise of larger payments (I, 4). When Kunckel tried out the process at home, his first attempts were unsuccess-... 

Dr. Heimann Peters concluded from a study of these old letters diat Kunckel did not rediscover phosphorus, but merely made a litde of it by Brand s mediod, and that, even without Kunckel, phosphorus would have remained known to the world through the efforts of Krafft, Leibniz, and Boyle (I). 

Derham said of this phosphorus, I saw some of it, press d widi a Quill that was cut, and it fired Gun-powder about it. Mr. Concle [Kunckel ] writ also with it on Paper, and the Letters all shined in the Dark.. . . My Author says he had once wrapp d up a Knob in Wax, at Hanover, and it being in his Pocket, and he busy near die Fire, die very Heat set it in Flame, and bum d all his Cloaths, and his Fingers also for diough he rubbed diem in die Dirt, notiling would quench it, unless he had had Water, he was ill for 15 Days, and the Skin came off.. . ... 

As to the phosphorus made of urine called Kunckel s, we have it described by the Honourable Mr. Boyle, Mons Hombeig, and others. But I shall beg to be excused foi not discovering the process how I prepare it, or from giving any farther light into its production than what was done by my father, before the Royal Society, in the year 1733 (16). 

Johann Heinrich Linck, 1675-1735. Leipzig apothecary who communicated Kunckel s method of preparing phosphorus to J. F. Henckel. The Golden Lion pharmacy Was in possession of the Linck family for three generations, and their museum of natural history and art was known throughout all Germany. 

Kunckel, J., Vollstandiges Laboratonum Chymicum 4th edition Rudigersche... 

Davis, T. L. Kunckel and the early history of phosphorus, J. Chem. Educ.,... 

Haudicquer de Blancourt then told how Father Neri prepared Zaffer by heating die ore to redness m die furnace, sprinkling it with vinegar, grinding it, and washing it by decantation with warm water (73, 74). In his Ars Vitraria Experimentalis Johann Kunckel explained that the acetic acid used in this process was unnecessary and that the roasting... 

Kunckel, Johann, "Ars Vitrana expemnentahs, Christoph Riegel, Frank-... 

Ammonia. Haim undo Lulio (Raymond Lully) mentioned caustic ammonia in the thirteenth century (36). Johann Kunckel (or Kunkel) von Lowenstem (1630-1702) described it in his posthumously published Vollstandiges Laboratorium Chymicum (37). He prepared it by adding lime to sal ammoniac (38). 

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