Raymond Lully

Lully, Raymond. The alchemical corpus attributed to Raymond Lull edited by Mi chela Pereira. London Warburg Institute, University of London, 1989. vi, 118p. 

Lully, Raymond. "Clavicula, or, a little key of Raymond Lullie Majoricane which is also called apertorium, (the opener) in which all that is required in the work of alchymy is plainly declared." In Aurifontina chymica, 163-179., 1680. 

Lully, Raymond. "Epitome of the work of..." In New pearl of great price, ed. Bonus of Ferrara, 350-364.. ... 

Lully, Raymond. "The Hermetic Mercuries. . . with a preface and notes from J. S. Weidenfeld." In Lives of the alchemystical philosophers, ed. Francis Barrett, 257-281., 1814. 

Lully, Raymond. "Philosophical and chymical experiments of the famous philosopher Raymund Lully. Wherein is contained, the right and true composition of both elixirs and universal medicine The admirable and perfect way of making the great Stone of the Philosophers, as it was truely taught in Paris, and sometimes practised in England by Raymond Lully in the time of K. Edward the Third. Now for the the [sicl] benefit of all lovers of art and... 

Lully, Raymond, Testamentum, duobus libris universam artem chimicam complectens, ... 

Page [2] is transcription of original titlepage. Contents Hydropyrographum Hermeticum The Privy Seal of Secrets A Letter A Treatise of Mercury and the Philosophers Stone Colours to be Observed in the Operation of the Great Work Thesaurus Sive Medicina Aurea Tractatus de Lapide Summary of Philosophy Clavicula, or Little Key of Raymond Lullie Majoricane Secrets Disclos d ... 

Raymond Lully s great elixir a dramatic poem. London Pickering, 1869. 98p... 

Christianity. The course of the alchemical mystery is followed from the Near East through the Byzantine Empire and into Europe. During these travels many pioneers in this field are met, including Roger Bacon, Raymond Lully, and Nicholas Flamel. The letters of Sendivogius to the Brotherhood of the Rosy Cross, almost completely unknown to the modern world, are discussed"... 

Also looks at the main literary sources of the middle ages such as Cornelius Agrippa, Raymond Lully and later in the writings of Robert Fludd and Dr Henry More"... 

The fundamental difference between ancient and modern science is not at all in the field of theory. Sir William Thomson was just as metaphysical as Pythagoras or Raymond Lully, and Lucretius quite as materialistic as Ernst Haeckel or Buchner. 

Raymond Lully, the son of a noble Spanish family, was bom at Palma (in Majorca) about 1235. He was a man of somewhat eccentric character — in his youth a man of pleasure in his maturity. 

Ripley did much to popularise the works of Raymond Lully in England, but does not appear to have added to the knowledge of practical chemistry. His Bosom Book, which contains an alleged method for preparing the Stone, will be found in the Collectanea Chemica (1893). 

Aqua Regia. Geber described the preparation of nitric acid (aqua fortis) in his De inventione veritatis, and added that, if one adds sal ammoniac to this acid it becomes a more powerful solvent (5, 16). Raymond Lully (Raimundo Lulio) and Albert the Great (St. Albert) prepared it in the same way. By the time the writings attributed to Basil Valentine were published, hydrochloric acid (acid of salt) was known, this work describes the preparation of aqua regia by mixing three parts of hydrochloric acid with one part of nitric acid (16,17). J. R. Glauber prepared it from common salt and nitric acid and from saltpeter and hydrochloric acid (18). 

Ammonia. Haim undo Lulio (Raymond Lully) mentioned caustic ammonia in the thirteenth century (36). Johann Kunckel (or Kunkel) von Lowenstem (1630-1702) described it in his posthumously published Vollstandiges Laboratorium Chymicum (37). He prepared it by adding lime to sal ammoniac (38). 

As to the body of this brief treatise, it is so conventional a repetition of Arabian chemistry and so similar in style to a great number of fourteenth century alchemical works published under the pseudonyms of Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon, Raymond Lully, Hermes, etc., that there can not be a reasonable doubt of its fraudulent authorship— even if it did not contain as already noted references to writers of later date and refer to substances as sal-petrae not known to Albertus or to his contemporary, Vincent of Beauvais. 

If Hermes, the true father of Philosophy , so says the Cosmopolite (Novum lumen chemicum, Tract I), if the subtle Geber, the profound Raymond Lully, and other justly celebrated chemists could return to the earth, our alchemists would not only refuse to regard them as their masters, but would think to confer a favor upon them by owning them as their disciples. It is true that they would not know how to make all those distillations, circulations, calcinations, sublimations, in a word all those innumerable operations which chemists have imagined, because they have wrongly understood the books of the Philosophers. ... 

As Water is of a nature closely approaching that of the First Matter of the World, it becomes easily its symbol, or image. The chaos, whence all was derived, was like a vapor, or a humid substance, similar to a subtle smoke. Light having rarefied it, the heavens were formed of the most subtilized portion the Air of that which was less so the elementary Water of that which was a little more terrestrial and the Earth, of the densest, and as feces, (Raymond Lully, Testam, Anc. Theor.). Therefore Water partaking of the nature of the Air and Earth, is placed in the middle. Lighter than the Earth and heavier than Air, it is always mixed with both. At the least rarefaction it seems to abandon the Earth to take the nature of the Air it is condensed by the least cold, it quits the Air, and unites itself with the Earth. 

This Primal Matter is commonly called Sulphur and Quicksilver. Raymond Lully, (Codicit. c.9,) calls them the two extremes of the STONE and of all the metals. Others say, in general, that the sun is its father and the moon its mother that it is male and female that it is composed of four, of three, of two and of one 5 and all this to conceal it. It is found everywhere on the earth, on the sea, on the plains, on the mountains, etc. The same author who says that their Matter is unique, says also that the STONE is composed of several individual principles. All these contradictions are only apparent, because they do not speak of Matter from a single point of view but in regard to its general principles, or to the different states in which it is found in its operations. 

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