Kounis syndrome

Izgi C, Cevik C, Nugent K. Severe myocardial ischemia after concentrated epinephrine use for the treatment of anaphylaxis Kounis syndrome or epinephrine effect Heart Lung 2010 39(2) 160-3. 

Almpanis GC, Tsigkas GG, Koutsojannis C, Mazarakis A, Kounis GN, Kounis NG. Nickel allergy, Kounis syndrome and intracardiac metal devices. Int J Cardiol 2010 145(2) 364-5. 

Kounis syndrome has been attributed to cefuroxime axetil... 

A 64-year-old man [40 ] and a 48-year-old man [41 ] developed Kounis syndrome as part of an anaphylactic reaction to oral amoxicillin. 

Murat SN, Karasu BB, Ornek E, Akdemir R. Cefuroxime-axetil induced allergic angina an insight into classification management of Kounis syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2011 151(2) e53-5. 

Kounis syndrome secondary to amoxicillin use in an asthmatic patient. Int J Cardiol 2011 150(3) ell3-5. 

Venturini E, Magni L, Kounis NG. Amoxicillin-induced Kounis syndrome manifesting as late stent thrombosis. Int J Cardiol 2011 151(1) e26-8. 

Kounis syndrome, 390 amphotericin coughing, 428 hypokalemia, 428 nephrotoxicity, 428 wheezing, 428 ampidllin... 

Kounis syndrome, 388 liver failure, 388 overdose, 388 celecoxib... 

PUVA, 263 keratitis cytarabine, 733 fluorouracil, 738 kidney See nephr-, renal Kounis syndrome amoxicillin, 390 cefuroxime, 388... 

Cardiovascular Kounis syndrome (acute myocardial infarction occurring during the course of an allergic reaction) has been attributed to diclofenac [35 ]. 

Morel O, Jesel L, Morel N, Nguyen A, Trinh A, Ohlmann P, Imperiale A. Transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome during anaphylactic shock vasospasm, Kounis syndrome or epinephrine-induced stunned myocardium Int J Cardiol 2010 145(3) 501-3. 

Immunologic The association of an allergic reaction with angina pectoris (the Kounis syndrome) has been discussed in the light of a case in which three episodes of vasospastic angina, two of them related to amoxicillin, could have been due to other causes [91, 92. Another case has been described in a 13-year-old boy, who developed chest pain 30 minutes after taking an oral dose of co-amoxiclav [93 ]. 

Vivas D, Rubira JC, Ortiz AF, Macaya C. Coronary spasm and hypersensitivity to amoxicillin Kounis or not Kounis syndrome Int J Cardiol 2008 128(2) 279-81. 

This variant of the Kounis syndrome includes patients of any age, with normal coronary arteries, without predisposing factors for coronary artery disease, in whom the acute release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells can cause either sudden coronary artery narrowing, without increases in cardiac enzymes or troponins, or coronary artery spasm that progresses to acute myocardial infarction, with raised cardiac enzymes and troponins [93 ]. 

Kounis GN, Kouni SA, Hahalis G, Kounis NG. Mesalamine hypersensitivity and Kounis syndrome in a pediatric ulcerative colitis patient. World J Gastroenterol 2008 14 7141-2. 

ADRENALINE AND KOUNIS SYNDROME (SPECIAL REVIEW) (cont d)... 

FIGURE 1 The EIDOS and DoTS descriptions of Kounis syndrome. 

The following four cases may be difficult to diagnose as the Kounis syndrome or adverse effects of adrenaline. 

Acute myocardial ischemia Adrenaline administration is the gold standard for anaphylaxis treatment but it may cause acute myocardial ischemia. This pathophysiology is a different entity from Kounis syndrome [19 ]. 

Soufras GD, Kounis GN, Kounis NG. Brain itqury due to anaphylactic shock broadening manifestations of Kounis syndrome. Int Endod J 2014 47 309-13. 

Takenaka I, Okada E, Aoyama K, Iwagaki T, Kadoya T. Kounis syndrome during general anaesthesia and administration of adrenaline. Int J Cardiol 2012 154(2) e34-5. 

Soufras GD, Kounis NG. Adrenaline administration for anaphylaxis and the risk of takotsubo and Kounis syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2013 166(2) 281-2. 

Mazarakis A, Aknpanis GC, Papathanasiou P, Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome uncovers critical left main coronary disease the question of administering epinephrine. Int J Cardiol 2012 157(3) e43-5. 

Bezgin T, Gecmen C, Ozkan B. Kounis syndrome secondary to simultaneous oral amoxicillin and parenteral ampiciUin use in a young man. Cardiovasc J Afr 2013 24(2) el0-2. 

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