Kopper-Totzek, coal gasification

GKT A development of the Koppers-Totzek coal gasification process. 

Staege H. The production of methanol and hydrogen by Kopper-Totzek coal gasification process. Erdol-Erdgas-Zeitschrift, 92 381-387, 1976. 

With the exception of the Koppers-Totzek coal gasification process, which operates at near atmospheric pressure, all modern gasification processes operate at elevated pressure. Steam reforming of light hydrocarbons at 30-40 bar and partial oxidation of heavy hydrocarbons at 40-90 bar are generally used. 

Figure 3.2 Flow sheet for ammonia production from Koppers-Totzek coal gasification. Source [2],...

Beck, Bruno. 1979. Tlie Koppers-Totzek Coal Gasification Process and its Role in Today s Coal-... 

The Texaco gasification process, currently owned by GE, is also of the EF type. A main difference with the aforementioned technologies is that the fuel is fed as a water slurry, whereas Koppers-Totzek- and Shell-based coal gasifiers use some steam. 

Koppers-Totzek A coal gasification process using an entrained bed. The coal is finely ground and injected in a jet of steam and oxygen into a circular vessel maintained at 1,500°C. Reaction is complete within one second. The ash is removed as a molten slag. The process was invented by F. Totzek at Heinrich Koppers, Essen, and further developed by Koppers Company in Louisiana, MO, under contract with the U.S. Bureau of Mines. The first commercial operation was at Oulu, Finland, in 1952 by 1979, 53 units had been built. Most of the plants are operated to produce a hydrogen-rich gas for use in ammonia synthesis. Developed by Lurgi. See also PRENFLO. 

There are commercial or near commercial technologies for coal gasification processes used for hydrogen production. These are Koppers-Totzek and Texaco gasification processes. 

Gasification of Brazilian Coal Using the Koppers-Totzek... 

Fig. 19.15. Lurgi dry bottom gasifier. Comparative Study of Coal Gasification Processes—Koppers-Totzek, Lurgi[ and Winkler," Koppers Co., Pittsburgh, PA.)...

So far only the Koppers - Totzek, Texaco and Lurgi gasifiers, and probably the Winkler process in some smaller installations, have been used in ammonia plants, but the successful demonstration of the Shell process in other applications make it a potential candidate for ammonia production, too. Additional processes in different stages of technical development are the HTW and the Dow process. Information on the status and the development in the gasification of coal can be obtained from [541], [545], [548] -[554],... 

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