Knee evaluation

Doria AS, Kiss MHB, Lotito APN et al (2001) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis of the knee evaluation with contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol 31 524-531... 

A 17-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis is evaluated for knee pain. On review of systems, she also notes persistent bleeding from cuts in her skin and bleeding of her gums after brushing her teeth. Physical examination is remarkable for an obviously swollen right knee that is tender with limited range of motion. Fluid drained from the knee is bloody (hemarthrosis). Her complete blood count is normal, but prothrombin time is elevated. 

Two major clinical studies14 (621 patients who underwent elective total knee replacement, and 706 patients who underwent elective total hip replacement) have evaluated the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in the prophylaxis of thrombosis in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. In these studies, rivaroxaban (2.5-10 mg b.i.d.) compared favorably with enoxaparin (40 mg once daily). 

Any change to a CDS should trigger consideration if revalidation of the system is required. Note the use of the word consider. There is usually a knee-jerk reaction that any change means that the whole system should be revalidated. One should take a more objective evaluation of the change and its impact before deciding if full revalidation is necessary. 

Altman and Marcussen evaluated 247 patients with osteoarthritis and moderate to severe knee pain in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group, 6-week study. The results of their investigation revealed small but statistically insignificant benefits of ginger over placebo (6). 

The role of pectin in ripening of fruits has been the subject of many studies over the years (Knee, 1978 Poovaiah et al., 1988). Evaluations have varied greatly depending on species, stage of ripening and the approach of the study. In general,... 

Mazzuca S. Plain radiography in the evaluation of knee osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1997 9 263-267. 

Some criticism can be made of the assumptions of the B.E.T. adsorption model. If the second and other layers are assumed to be in the liquid state, how can localized adsorption take place on these layers Also, the assumption that the stacks of molecules do not interact energetically seems to be unrealistic. In spite of these theoretical weaknesses, the B.E.T. adsorption expression is very useful for qualitative application to type II and III isotherms, the B.E.T equation is very widely used in the estimation of specific surface areas of solids. The surface area of the adsorbent is estimated from the value of Vm. The most commonly used adsorbate in this method for area determination is nitrogen at 77 K. The knee in the type II isotherm is assumed to correspond to the completion of a monolayer. In the most strict sense, the cross-sectional area of an adsorption site, rather than that of the adsorbate molecule, ought to be used, but the former is an unknown quantity however, this fact does not prevent the B.E.T. expression from being useful for the evaluation of surface areas of adsorbents. 

Patel, V., S., Issever A., Burghardt, A., Laib, A., Ries, M., and Majumdar, S. (2003). MicroCT evaluation of normal and osteoarthritic bone structure in human knee specimens. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 21(1), 6-13. 

The element titanium is now being used as a structural material for bone and socket replacement (shoulders, knees). Predict properties that you would expect for such applications go to the library or internet and look up the properties of titanium and evaluate your answer. 

A knee joint simulator designed to evaluate the mechanical and tribological characteristics of total replacement knee joints will be described. Measurements of penetrations of metallic femoral components into the polymeric tibial components by means of dual index holographic contouring will be presented and the findings compared with observations from detailed studies of wear in well-controlled laboratory machines and the limited evidence of in-vivo performance of replacement knee joints. 

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