Kinetics of phenols

Dwyer DF, Krumme ML, Boyd SA et al (1986) Kinetics of phenol biodegradation by an immobilized methanogenic consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 52 345... 

Chowdhury, M.J.A. and Humphrey, P.E. (1999). The effect of acetylation on the shear strength development kinetics of phenolic resin-to-wood bonds. Wood and Fiber Science, 31(3), 293-299. 

The Degradation Kinetics of Phenol Solntions with Ozone... 

In this study, the degradability of phenol in aqueous solutions was investigated with using ozone. Additionally, decomposition kinetic of phenol in the presence of ozone was calculated using maximum rate constants, from graphics of concentration versus time. 

Namkoong W, Loehr RC, Malina JF Jr. 1988. Kinetics of phenolic compounds removal in soil. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 5(4) 321-328. 

Canonica, S., U. Jans, K. Stemmier, and J. Hoigne, Transformation kinetics of phenols in water Photosensitization by dissolved organic material and aromatic ketones , Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 1822-1831 (1995). 

The kinetics of phenol oxidation in near-critical and supercritical water has also been investigated by Thornton and Savage (1992a), Gopalan and Savage (1995), Rice et al. (1995), Kranjc and Levee (1996), and Tufano (1993). 

Thornton, T.D. and Savage, RE., Kinetics of phenol oxidation in supercritical water, AIChE ]., 38, 321, 1992a. 

De AK, Bhattacharjee S, Dutta BK. Kinetics of phenol photooxidation by hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation. Ind Eng Chem Res 1997 36 3607-3612. 

Augugliaro, V. Davi, E. Palmisano, L. Schiavello, M. Sclafani, A. Influence of hydrogen peroxide on the kinetics of phenol photodegradation in aqueous titanium dioxide dispersion, Appl. Catal. 1990, 65, 101. 

Mahata, N., Vishwanathan, V., Kinetics of phenol hydrogenation over supported palladium catalysts, Catal. Today, 49,... 

Cheynier, V., Souquet, J.M., Samson, A. Moutounet, M. (1991). Hyperoxidation influence of various oxygen supply levels on oxidation kinetics of phenolic compounds and wine quality. Vitis, 30, 107-115. 

Relatively little basic information has been published regarding the kinetics of phenol-formaldehyde intermediates, especially of phenols, methylol phenols, benzyl alcohol and benzylic ethers with isocyanates. Due to the fact that a typical resole contains both phenolic and benzylic hydroxyl groups, it was of interest to determine their reactivity toward isocyanates in the presence of various catalysts, as well as the effect of substitution on their reactivity. This investigation describes the kinetics of model phenols and model benzyl alcohols with phenyl isocyanate catalyzed with either a tertiary amine (dimethylcyclo-hexylamine, DMCHA) or an organotin catalyst, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) in either dioxane or dimethylformamide solution. 

Piezoelectric quartz crystal oscillators function on the basis of the well-established relationship (Sauerbery equation) between the oscillation frequency of a quartz crystal and the mass of a thin film deposited on its surface [501]. QCM has been extensively used in measurements in vacuo and in the gas phase, which includes the studies on gas phase silylation for oxygen RIE development [443] (see 6.2) and on resist outgassing [439,502]. The QCM technique has been extended to measurements in the liquid phase including aqueous media and has found powerful utility in studies of dissolution kinetics of phenolic and other acidic resists in aqueous base [503]. 

The present study shows fundamental differences in the hydroxylation kinetics of phenol using strong acid catalysts or titanium silicalites. With the latter, the reaction occurs slowly but regularly, while, with the solid acids, the reaction shows an induction period followed by a very fast autocatalysis. These results cast doubt on the validity of the tests performed by stopping the reaction at a determined time. They also call into question the mechanism of the acid catalysis, the homogeneous as well as the heterogeneous contribution. Finally, taking into account that water is the best solvent for this reaction, solid acids should be considered as valuable catalysts for hydroxylation of phenol. 

Pintar A. and Levee J. 1992. Catalytic oxidation of organics in aqueous solutions. I. Kinetics of phenol oxidation, J. Catal., 135, 345-357. 

Schroder M., Muller C., Posten C., Deckwer W.D., Hecht V. 1996. Inhibition kinetics of phenol degradation from unstable steady-state data, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 54, 567-576. 

The yield and kinetics of phenol hydroxylation are strongly dependent on the purity, crystal size, and the concentration of TS-1, and on the temperature. High selectivity is directly correlated to framework titanium, whereas extra-framework titanium species initiate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and subsequent hydroxylation paths, which are far less selective. 

The effect of incorporating tin into titanium sUicahte-1 (TS-1) on the kinetics of phenol hydroxylation to dihydroxybenzenes with aqueous hydrogen peroxide has been investigated (197). The pathways are illustrated in Figure 1.9. The hydroxylation reaction was modeled using the results obtained with a batch reactor, whereby mass transfer Hmitations were carefully excluded. The analysis of the kinetics indicated that under the same reaction conditions, titanium-tin sUicalite-l (Ti—Sn-S-1) gave a h her phenol conversion rate than TS-1. This difference was attributed to the presence of active tin sites. The incorporation of tin influences the initiation of... 

Absorption Kinetics of Phenol into Different Size Nanopores Present in Syndiotactic Polystyrene and Poly (p-methylstyrene)... 

Goswami, S., Kiran, K. Application of Kissinger analysis to glass transition and study of thermal degradation kinetics of phenolic-acrylic IPNs. Bull. Malta-. Sci. 35(4), 657-664 (2012)... 

Tryba, B., A.W. Morawski, M. Inagaki, and M. Toyoda, The kinetics of phenol decomposition under LTV irradiation with and without H2O2 on Ti02, Fe- Ii02 and... 

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