Phenol biodegradation

Tuah PBM (2006) The performance of phenol biodegradation by Candida tropicalis Retl-Cr-1 using batch and fed-batch fermentation techniques. Ph.D. Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia... 

Kryst K, Karamanev DG (2001) Aerobic phenol biodegradation in an inverse fluidized-bed biofilm reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 40 5436—5439... 

Jiang H-L, Tay J-H, Maszenan AM, Tay ST-L (2006) Enhanced phenol biodegradation and aerobic granulation by two coaggregating bacterial strains. Environ Sci Technol 40 6137-6142... 

Dwyer DF, Krumme ML, Boyd SA et al (1986) Kinetics of phenol biodegradation by an immobilized methanogenic consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol 52 345... 

Available data indicate that phenol biodegrades in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic soil conditions. The half-life of phenol in soil is generally less than 5 days (Baker and Mayfield 1980 HSDB 1997), but acidic soils and some surface soils may have half-lives of between 20 and 25 days (HSDB 1997). Mineralization in an alkaline, para-brown soil under aerobic conditions was 45.5, 48, and 65% after 3, 7, and 70 days, respectively (Haider et al. 1974). Half-lives for degradation of low concentrations of phenol in two silt loam soils were 2.70 and 3.51 hours (Scott et al. 1983). Plants have been shown to be capable of metabolizing phenol readily (Cataldo et al. 1987). 

Trigueros, D.E.G., Modenes, A.N., Espinoza-Quinones, E.R., Kroumov, A.D. The evaluation of benzene and phenol biodegradation kinetics by applying non-structured models. Water Sci. Technol. 61, 1289-1298 (2010b)... 

Juang, R. S., Chung,T. P, Wang, M. L. and Lee, D. J. 2008. Experimental observations on the effect of added dispersing agent on phenol biodegradation in a micropo-rous membrane bioreactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151,746-752. 

Li, Y. and Loh, K. C. 2007b. Continuous phenol biodegradation at high concentrations in an immobifized-cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105,1732-1739. 

Li, Y. and Wang, C. 2008. Phenol biodegradation in hybrid hollow-fiber membrane bioreactors. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24,1843-1849. 

Biomass accumulation and clogging in trickle-bed bioreactors for phenol biodegradation... 

Jia X, Wen J, Wang X, Feng W, Jiang Y. CFD modeling of immobilized phenol biodegradation in three-phase airlift loop reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009 48 4514 529. 

The compound MON-0585 is a nontoxic, biodegradable larvicide that is highly selective against mosquito larvae. Synthesize MON-0585 using either benzene or phenol as a source of the aromatic rings. 

Also called nonyl phenoxy ethoxylate, or nonyl phenol. Slow to biodegrade. Nonionic surfactant. Used in dry detergents. 

Steinle et al. [426] studied the primary biodegradation of different surfactants containing ethylene oxide, such as sulfates of linear primary alcohols, primary oxoalcohols, secondary alcohols, and primary and secondary alkyl-phenols, as well as sulfates of all these alcohols and alkylphenols with different degrees of ethoxylation. Their results confirm that primary linear alcohol sulfates are slightly more readily biodegradable than primary oxoalcohol sulfates and that secondary alcohol sulfates are also somewhat worse than the corresponding linear primary. 

Aerobic biodegradation of trichloroethylene occurs by cometabolism with aromatie eompounds (Ensley 1991) and thus requires a cosubstrate such as phenol (Nelson et al. 1987, 1988) or toluene (Fan and Scow 1993). Trichloroethylene degradation by toluene-degrading baeteria has been demonstrated in the presence, but not absence, of toluene (Mu and Scow 1994). Isoprene, a structural analog of trichloroethylene, has also been used as a cosubstrate for triehloroethylene oxidation by some bacteria (Ewers et al. 1990). One source of inhibition of degradation in the absence of cosubstrate may be the toxieity of triehloroethylene itself to indigenous bacteria. 

Polnisch E, H Kneifel, H Franzke, KL Hofmann (1992) Degradation and dehalogenation of monochloro-phenols by the phenol-assimilating yeast Candida maltosa. Biodegradation 2 193-199. 

Semple KT, RB Cain (1996) Biodegradation of phenols by the alga Ochromonas danica. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 1265-1273. 

Shimp RJ, FK Pfaender (1985a) Influence of easily degradable naturally occurring carbon substrates on biodegradation of monosubstituted phenols by aquatic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 394-401. 

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