Kettle type heat exchanger

Butanol vaporiser shell and tube heat exchanger, kettle type, heat transfer area 15 m2, design pressure 5 bar, materials carbon steel. 

Heat transfer by nucleate boiling is an important mechanism in the vaporization of liqmds. It occurs in the vaporization of liquids in kettle-type and natural-circulation reboilers commonly usea in the process industries. High rates of heat transfer per unit of area (heat flux) are obtained as a result of bubble formation at the liquid-solid interface rather than from mechanical devices external to the heat exchanger. There are available several expressions from which reasonable values of the film coefficients may be obtained. 

FIG. 11 -36 (Continued) Heat-exchanger-component nomenclature, (c) Outside-packed floating-head exchanger. Type AEP. (d) U-tuhe heat exchanger. Type CFU. (e) Kettle-type floating-head rehoder. Type AKT. (Standard of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 6th ed., 1978. )... 

Kettle-type reboilers, evaporators, etc., are often U-tube exchangers with enlarged shell sec tions for vapor-liquid separation. The U-tube bundle replaces the floating-heat bundle of Fig. 11-36. ... 

The function of reboilers has already been discussed. These components are essentially heat exchangers that are used to transfer heat to bring the liquid at the bottom of the column to its boiling point (refer also to discussions in Chapter 1). The principle types employed are jacketted kettles, simple kettle type reboilers, internal reboilers, and thermo-syphon reboilers. Examples of each type are illustrated in Figure 7. 

In addition to the type description code there is also a shorthand that is used for classifying heat exchangers. The first element of the shorthand is the nominal diameter, which is the inside diameter of the shell in inches, rounded off to the nearest integer. For kettle reboilers and chillers ii emember the kettle has a narrow end and a fat end), the nominal diame-tci is the port diameter (the narrow end) followed by the shell diameter, each rounded off to the nearest integer. 

Figure 8.4. Example of tubular heat exchangers (see also Fig. 8.14). (a) Double-pipe exchanger, (b) Scraped inner surface of a double-pipe exchanger, (c) Shell-and-tube exchanger with fixed tube sheets, (d) Kettle-type reboiler, (e) Horizontal shell side thermosiphon reboiler, (f) Vertical tube side thermosiphon reboiler, (g) Internal reboiler in a tower, (h) Air cooler with induced draft fan above the tube bank, (i) Air cooler with forced draft fan below the tube bank.

Select steam traps for the following five types of equipment (1) where the steam directly heats solid materials, as in autoclaves, retorts, and sterilizers (2) where the steam indirectly heats a liquid through a metallic surface, as in heat exchangers and kettles where the quantity of liquid heated is known and unknown (3) where the steam indirectly heats a solid through a metallic surface, as in dryers using cylinders or chambers and platen presses and (4) where the steam indirectly heats air through metallic surfaces, as in unit heaters, pipe coils, and radiators. 

These fryers are used for small-scale production or for frying very specialty-type products such as kettle-fried Hawaiian-style potato chips. The oil is placed in a large pan where it is heated by gas burners, located under the pan. In certain installations, the oil is heated in an external heat exchanger. In this case, the oil is continuously taken out of the fryer, circulated through an external oil heater, and returned back into the fryer pan. The former method of heating the oil is known as the Direct Heating system, and the latter is called the Indirect Heating system. The external oil heaters can be either steam heated or gas fired. The steam heat... 

Another type of heat exchanger is a kettle reboiler. Reboilers are energy-balance devices attached to distillation columns to help control temperature. Reboilers have two basic designs ... 

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