Functional class nomenclature ketones

Although substitutive names of the type just described are preferred the lUPAC rules also permit ketones to be named by functional class nomenclature The groups attached to the carbonyl group are named as separate words followed by the word ketone The groups are listed alphabetically... 

Ketones may also be named using functional class lUPAC nomenclature by citing the two groups attached to the carbonyl m alphabetical order followed by the word ketone Thus 3 methyl 2 butanone (substitutive) becomes isopropyl methyl ketone (functional class)... 

It is possible to regard radicofunctional nomenclature, in which the functional class narrie of a compound (c.g. alcohol, ketone, etc.) is cited after the names of the attached radicals, as involving an additive procedure (example 146). This type of nomenclature is gradually falling out of use in favor of the substitutive equivalent [for 146 the substitutive name would be l-(3-pyridyl)propan-l-one]. 

In medicine and biochemistry, the common or trivial names of compounds are used rather than the systematic nomenclature favored by chemists. Sometimes such names reflect functional groups, classes of compounds or the source from which the compound was first isolated. The compound testosterone provides an example. It was first isolated from monkey testis, the "ster" in its name denotes the steroid ring structure, and the "one" denotes a ketone group. 

Several important classes of molecules have the carbonyl unit (-C=0) as a key part of their structure. They are generically known as carbonyl compounds. The chemistry associated with carbonyl compounds is important to many chemical reactions. The carbonyl unit is reactive because it is polarized and also contains a weak and reactive 7i-bond. This chapter is primarily dedicated to learning the identity, structure, and nomenclature of the key carbonyl-containing functional groups, as well as the most fundamental aspects of their chemical reactivity. These include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. 

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