Ketone alcohol solvent

Nitrate. Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate [10294-41 -4] Ce(N03) 6H20, is a commercially available soluble salt of cerium, and because of ready decomposition to the oxide, it is used, for example, when a porous sohd is to be impregnated with cerium oxide. The nitrate is very soluble in water, up to about 65 wt %. It is also soluble in a wide range of polar organic solvents such as ketones, alcohols, and ethers. 

Acrylics are chemically resistant at room temperature to dilute acids, except hydrofluoric and hydrocyanic, all alkalis and mineral oils. They are attacked by chlorinated solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, ethers and esters [60]. 

Because of the presence of alkali in Raney nickel, ketones are hydrogenated over this catalyst to yield the more stable, equatorial alcohol e.g. 59) as the predominant product, Similar results can be expected with platinum in basic media or with platinum oxide in an alcoholic solvent since this catalyst also contains basic impurities. 

The salts of 3-acetyl-18/3-glycyrrhetinic acid can be prepared by reaction between 3-acetyl-18/3-glycyrrhetinic acid and an aluminum alcohoiate. Preferably lower alcoholates are used, i.e., alcoholates in which the alkoxy group or groups have from one to four carbon atoms. The salification reaction may be carried out at room temperature or at an elevated temperature in conventional fashion, preferably in the presence of organic solvents. As organic solvents may be used alcohols, ethers, ketones, chlorinated solvents (methylene chloride, chloroform) ethyl acetate, etc. 

Synthesis of 2-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones can be summarized in three reaction sequences following the lead of Klayman et al. [5]. Condensation of equimolar quantities of a thiosemicarbazide and a 2-heterocyclic aldehyde or ketone in an alcoholic solvent is represented by Eq. (1). The product s superscripts refer to positions of substitution in the thiosemicarbazone moiety in accord with lUPAC. 

In the absence of alcohol solvents, hydrogen peroxide is thought to coordinate with Ti by displacing an Si-O bond as shown in Fig. 6.11. This sets the stage for ammonia interaction to form hydroxylamine and subsequent ammoximation of ketones to oximes.20,56 57... 

Freely soluble in ketone, alcohols, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons but sparingly soluble in petroleum solvents and mineral oils (Windholz et al., 1983)... 

PICA) show excellent activity and enantioselectivity for reaction of such bulky ketones.Selection of alcoholic solvent is important to achieve high catalytic performance. Thus, hydrogenation of pinacolone with the (5)-TolBINAP/PICA-Ru catalyst (S/C = 100,000) in C2H5OH quantitatively gives (5)-3,3-dimethyl-2-buta-nol in 98% ee (Figure 1.21). The reaction in conventional 2-propanol with the same catalyst results in the S alcohol in only 36% ee. 

Most widely use sorbent for volatile compounds aliphatic and aromatic solvents, chlorinated aliphatics, acetates, ketones, alcohols, etc. 

A Co(II) Schiff-base complex converts 1- and 2-alkenes into methyl ketones and the corresponding secondary alcohols in the presence of oxygen or H2O2 in primary alcohol solvent.543 A radical oxidation with cobalt hydroperoxide through the formation and subsequent decomposition of alkyl hydroperoxide was suggested.543 An efficient conversion of alkenylarenes to ketones was achieved by the use of molecular oxygen and EtjSiH in the presence of a catalytic amount of Co(II) porphyrin in 2-propanol.544... 

Reaction Pathway. The simplest pathway is illustrated by the /3-keto ester substrate in Scheme 50. As suggested by reaction with RuCl2[P(C6H5)3]3 as the catalyst precursor (40c, 96), this hydrogenation seems to occur by the monohydride mechanism. The catalyst precursor has a polymeric structure but perhaps is dissociated to the monomer by alcoholic solvents. Upon exposure to hydrogen, RuC12 loses chloride to form RuHCl species A, which, in turn, reversibly forms the keto ester complex B. The hydride transfer in B, from die Ru center to the coordinated ketone to form C, would be the stereochemistry-determining step. Liberation of the hydroxy ester is facilitated by the al-... 

It is well known that o-hydroxyphenyl ketones phosphoresce very weakly and do not undergo photoreduction363,368 or photoelimination,366 presumably because of rapid enolization in the excited state. Lamola has performed quenching studies which indicate lifetimes of o-hydroxybenzophenone triplets of less than 10"8 sec. However, these lifetimes, as well as phosphorescence efficiencies, are markedly enhanced by the addition of alcoholic solvents,383 presumably because hydrogen bonding slows down photoenolization. 

Although no direct oxygen transfer reactions from well-characterized rhodium-hydroperoxo or -alkylperoxo complexes to alkenes have yet been reported, these species are probably involved in the rhodium-copper catalyzed ketonization of terminal alkenes by 02, as previously shown in Section 61.3.2.1.3. Rhodium trichloride has been used to catalyze the ketonization of terminal alkenes by H202 or TBHP in alcoholic solvents, but these reactions occur less efficiently than with the Rh/Cu/02 system.207... 

Higher alkenes can also be converted to methyl ketones with the Wacker catalyst, but the rates and selectivities are lower. Improved procedures use basic406,407 or alcoholic solvents 408 Tsuji and coworkers used the PdCl2/CuCl catalyst in DMF for the synthesis of a variety of natural products and fine chemicals.409 Only terminal alkenes are ketonized under these conditions, even when the substrate contains other functional groups.395... 

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