Ketoconazole Estradiol

Drugs that may affect repaglinide include CYP 450 inhibitors (eg, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ketoconazole, miconazole), CYP 450 inducers (eg, barbiturates, carbamazepine, rifampin), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, coumarins, estrogens, gemfibrozil, isoniazid, itraconazole, levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, MAOIs, nicotinic acid, NSAIDs, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, phenytoin, probenecid, salicylates, simvastatin, sulfonamides, sympathomimetics, thiazides and other diuretics, and thyroid products. 

St. John s wort, rifamycins, and ritonavir. Drugs that may be affected by efavirenz include phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, itraconazole, ketoconazole, methadone, ritonavir, amprenavir, benzodiazepines, clarithromycin, ethinyl estradiol, indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, and warfarin. 

Nevirapine induces and is metabolized by CYP3A4 therefore, coadministration of drugs that induce or are metabolized by this isoenzyme may result in interactions. Nevirapine may decrease the effectiveness of ethinyl estradiol-based contraceptives and can lower plasma concentrations of methadone. Nevirapine should not be administered with ketoconazole, rifampin, or rifabutin. 

Gynecomastia was occasionally observed in men when ketoconazole first became available. Ketoconazole has a marked effect on steroid concentrations, including a change in the testosterone/estradiol ratio, and this is most likely to be the basis of the gynecomastia. A lowering of testosterone serum concentrations and a reduced response of testosterone concentrations to human gonadotropin have been shown (SED-11, 573) (583). Various studies have shown suppression of testosterone, androste-nedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone, with reciprocal increases in gonadotrophins. 

A4 Nifedipine, ethylmorphine, warfarin, quinidine, taxol, ketoconazole, verapamil, erythromycin, diazepam Aflatoxin, 1-nitropyrene, benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-diol, 6 aminochrysene, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, other steroids, bile acids Erythromycin, nifedipine [testosterone (6-/3)]... 

Ethinyl estradiol, buprenorphine ferulic acid, genistein naltrexone (low), naloxone (low), SN-38 (active metabolite of irinotecan) alizarin, quinalizarin, retigabine Bilirubin, chloropheno- Atazanavir, indinavir, xypropionic acid, chrysin, ketoconazole (AT, = 3 pM) clofibrate, 3-MC, oltipraz, phenylpropionic acid, phenobarbital, clotrimazole, rifampin, and St. John s wort. WY-14643 Response elements for AhR, CAR, GR, PPAR-a, PXR, Nrf2 (antioxidant response element) have been identified... 

Androgens Fluoxymesterone Testosterone Androgen antagonists Bicalutamide Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Aromatase inhibitors Aminoglutethimide Anastrazole Exemestane Letrozole Corticosteroids Dexamethasone Prednisone Estrogens Diethylstilbesterol Estradiol... 

Acetaminophen, aldrin, alfentanil, amiodarone, aminopyrine, amitriptyline, amprenavir, androstenedione,antipyrine, astemizole, benzphetamine, budesonide, carbamazepine, celecoxib, chlorpromazine, chlorzoxazone, cisapride, clarithromycin, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, cortisol, cyclophosphamide,cyclosporin, dapsone, delavirdine, dextromethorphan, digitoxin, diltiazem, diazepam, erythromycin, 17j3-estradiol, ethinylestradiol, etoposide, felbamate, fentanyl, flutamide, hydroxyarginine, ifosphamide, imipramine, indinavir, ketoconazole, lansoprazole, loratidine, losartan, lovastatin, (iS)"mephen3d in, methadone, mianserin, miconazole, mifepristone, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nicardipine, nifedipine, odansetron, omeprazole, orphenadrine, proguanil, propafenone, quinidine, quinine, rapamycin, retinoic acid, ritonavir, saquinavir, selegiline, serindole, sufentanil, sulfinpyrazone, tacrolimus, tamoxifen, tamsulosin, taxol, teniposide, terfenadine, tetrahydrocannabinol, theophylline, toremifene, triazolam, trimethadone, trimethoprim, troleandomycin, verapamil, warfarin, zatosetron, Zolpidem, zonisamide... 

Noninterfering cyclosporin, ethinyl estradiol, ketoconazole, levonorgestrel, rapamycin, tacrolimus, tenidap, tetrahydrocoitisone... 

Absorption enhancement Hexetil hydrochloride/a-CD (improvement of oral bioavailability) ketoconazole/p-CD (improvement of oral bioavailability) ethyl 4-biphenylyl acetate /2-HP-P-CD (improvement of rectal absorption) estradiol/DM-P-CD (enhancement of nasal absorption) nifedipine/2-HP-6-CD (improvement of the oral bioavailability). 

Blode H, Zevm S, Parke S, Zimmermann T, Rohde B, MeUinger U, et al. Evaluation of the efi ects of rifampicin, ketoconazole and erythromycin on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the components of a novel oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest in healthy postmenopausal women. Contraception 2012 86(4) 337-d4. 

---