Kennedy, Eugene

Kaplan, Nathan O. and Kennedy, Eugene P. Current Aspects of Biochemical Energetics. Academic Press, New York. 1966. 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed in 1948 that, in eulcaiyotes, the entire set of reactions of the citric acid cycle takes place in mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were found to contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle, but also all the enzymes and proteins necessaiy for the last stage of respiration—electron transfer and ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphoiylation. As we shall see in later chapters, mitochondria also contain the enzymes for the oxidation of fatty acids and some amino acids to acetyl-CoA, and the oxidative degradation of other amino acids to a-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, or oxaloacetate. Thus, in nonphotosynthetic eulcaiyotes, the mitochondrion is the site of most energy-yielding... 

The enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in animal cells are located in the mitochondrial matrix, as demonstrated in 1948 by Eugene P. Kennedy and Albert Lehninger. The fatty acids with chain lengths of 12 or fewer carbons enter mitochondria without the help of membrane transporters. Those with 14 or more carbons, which constitute the majority of the FFA obtained in the diet or released from adipose tissue, cannot pass directly through the mitochondrial membranes—they must first undergo the three enzymatic reactions of the carnitine shuttle. The first reaction is catalyzed by a family of isozymes (different isozymes specific for fatty acids having short, intermediate, or long carbon chains) present... 

In eukaryotic cells, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in mitochondria. Mitochondria have both an outer membrane and an inner membrane with extensive infoldings called cristae (fig. 14.2). The inner membrane separates the internal matrix space from the intermembrane space between the inner and outer membranes. The outer membrane has only a few known enzymatic activities and is permeable to molecules with molecular weights up to about 5,000. By contrast, the inner membrane is impermeable to most ions and polar molecules, and its proteins include the enzymes that catalyze oxygen consumption and formation of ATP. The role of mitochondria in 02 uptake, or respiration, was demonstrated in 1913 by Otto Warburg but was not fully confirmed until 1948, when Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed that mitochondria carry out the reactions of the TCA cycle, the transport of electrons to 02, and the formation of ATP. 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger discovered in 1948 that mitochondria are responsible for carrying out oxidative... 

Mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles, typically about 2 im in length and 0.5 pm in diameter, about the size of a bacterium. Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger discovered a half-century ago that mitochondria contain the respiratory assembly, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, and the enzymes offatty acid oxidation. 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed in 1949 that fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria. Subsequent work demonstrated that they are activated before they enter the mitochondrial matrix. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drives the formation of a thioester linkage between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the sulfhydryl group of CoA. This activation reaction takes place on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is catalyzed by acyl CoA synthetase (also called fatty acid thiokinase). 

Daniel Goldberg (1957- ) did his undergraduate training at Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts) where he studied biochemistry with Eugene Kennedy. He then performed doctoral work with Stuart Komfeld and received an doctor of medicine (MD) /PhD degree from... 

The discovery in 1948 by Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger that mitochondria are the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes marked the beginning of the modern phase of studies in biological energy transductions. Mitochondria, like gramnegative bacteria, have two membranes (Fig. 19-1). The outer mitochondrial membrane is readily permeable to small molecules <5,000) and... 

The pathways for formation of the major phospholipids (PE, PG, and CL) of E. coli were biochemically established mainly by Eugene Kennedy and coworkers and subsequently verified using genetic approaches, as described in Chapter 3. The design of strains in which lipid composition can be genetically altered in a systematic manner has been very important in defining new roles for lipids in cell function [1]. 

The life history of blue crabs is well known because of their abundance and economic value. A recent scholarly book, The Blue Crab, C. sapidus," edited by Victor Kennedy and Eugene Cronin, makes the interested reader up to date on what scientists know about blue crabs. Our research focus, and that of this chapter, is on sexual behavior of blue crabs, including pair bonding and mating, and the role of chemical communication in these behaviors. Because the pheromones of reproductive females are only released during a few days of their entire life, as described below, and in very small amounts, we use the advantages of the commercial fishery to obtain these chemicals in amounts sufficient to perform the requisite chemical analyses and behavioral bioassays. 

Why We Fight Produced by Eugene Jarecki and Susannah Shipman directed and written hy Eugene Jarecki edited by Nancy Kennedy. 

Qaire A. Ibssiers, Vance O. Kennedy, and Eugene A. Zarate. 

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