Lehninger, Albert

Lehninger, Albert L. (2000). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd edition, ed. David... 

John A. Sibley and Albert L. Lehninger, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 9, 303309 (1949). 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed in 1948 that, in eulcaiyotes, the entire set of reactions of the citric acid cycle takes place in mitochondria. Isolated mitochondria were found to contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle, but also all the enzymes and proteins necessaiy for the last stage of respiration—electron transfer and ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphoiylation. As we shall see in later chapters, mitochondria also contain the enzymes for the oxidation of fatty acids and some amino acids to acetyl-CoA, and the oxidative degradation of other amino acids to a-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, or oxaloacetate. Thus, in nonphotosynthetic eulcaiyotes, the mitochondrion is the site of most energy-yielding... 

The enzymes of fatty acid oxidation in animal cells are located in the mitochondrial matrix, as demonstrated in 1948 by Eugene P. Kennedy and Albert Lehninger. The fatty acids with chain lengths of 12 or fewer carbons enter mitochondria without the help of membrane transporters. Those with 14 or more carbons, which constitute the majority of the FFA obtained in the diet or released from adipose tissue, cannot pass directly through the mitochondrial membranes—they must first undergo the three enzymatic reactions of the carnitine shuttle. The first reaction is catalyzed by a family of isozymes (different isozymes specific for fatty acids having short, intermediate, or long carbon chains) present... 

In eukaryotic cells, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in mitochondria. Mitochondria have both an outer membrane and an inner membrane with extensive infoldings called cristae (fig. 14.2). The inner membrane separates the internal matrix space from the intermembrane space between the inner and outer membranes. The outer membrane has only a few known enzymatic activities and is permeable to molecules with molecular weights up to about 5,000. By contrast, the inner membrane is impermeable to most ions and polar molecules, and its proteins include the enzymes that catalyze oxygen consumption and formation of ATP. The role of mitochondria in 02 uptake, or respiration, was demonstrated in 1913 by Otto Warburg but was not fully confirmed until 1948, when Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed that mitochondria carry out the reactions of the TCA cycle, the transport of electrons to 02, and the formation of ATP. 

D. L. Nelson, Albert L. Lehninger, and M. M. Cox, Principles of Biochemistry, Worth Publishing 3rd edition, 2000. 

One of the most successful texts of biochemistry over the past several decades was first written in 1970 by Albert Lehninger, a professor of biophysics at Johns Hopkins University, and has been updated several times over the years. On the first page of the first chapter of his first textbook, Lehninger mentions evolution. He asks why the biomolecules that occur in virtually all cells appear to be extraordinarily well fitted to their tasks ... 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger discovered in 1948 that mitochondria are responsible for carrying out oxidative... 

Albert L. Lehninger, David L Nelson and Michael L Cox (2000) Principles of Biochemistry 3rd Edition. Worth Publishers, New York. 

Mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles, typically about 2 im in length and 0.5 pm in diameter, about the size of a bacterium. Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger discovered a half-century ago that mitochondria contain the respiratory assembly, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle, and the enzymes offatty acid oxidation. 

Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger showed in 1949 that fatty acids are oxidized in mitochondria. Subsequent work demonstrated that they are activated before they enter the mitochondrial matrix. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drives the formation of a thioester linkage between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the sulfhydryl group of CoA. This activation reaction takes place on the outer mitochondrial membrane, where it is catalyzed by acyl CoA synthetase (also called fatty acid thiokinase). 

The discovery in 1948 by Eugene Kennedy and Albert Lehninger that mitochondria are the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes marked the beginning of the modern phase of studies in biological energy transductions. Mitochondria, like gramnegative bacteria, have two membranes (Fig. 19-1). The outer mitochondrial membrane is readily permeable to small molecules <5,000) and... 

D. E. Koshland, Jr. 1, 10, 18 John S. Kovach 5 Gisela Kramer 20 Edwin G. Krebs 5, 16, 18 H. A. Krebs 1, 18 Nurith Kurn 9 D. A. Kyriakidis 15 M. R. Lakshmanan 18 M. Daniel Lane 8, 18 Henry A. Lardy 18 Joseph Lamer 3 Michel Lazdunski 6 P. J. Lea 20 Robert J. Lefkowitz 17 Albert L. Lehninger 18 Luis F. Leloir 18 James F. Lenney 17 Alexander Levitzki 10 Heng-Chun Li 21 Anthony W. Linnane 2 Fritz Lipmann 18 John M. Lowenstein 18 W. C. Lucchesi 15 Ronald W. McCune 15... 

Cycles in the Function of Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Systems Albert L. Lehninger and Baltazar Reynafarje... 

Data after Figure 19-41, p. 727 of Albert L. Lehninger and David L. Nelson, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 4th ed. 2004, W. H. Freeman. 

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