Kandel

Rakitzis T P, Kandel S A and Zare R N 1997 Determination of differential-cross-section moments from polarization-dependent product velocity distributions of photoinitiated bimolecular reactions J. Chem. Phys. 107 9382-91... 

Psychosocial and environmental factors play a major role in the development and recovery from opioid dependence however, a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this chapter. In general, the use of such drugs as marijuana and alcohol precedes the use of opioids (Clayton and Voss 1981 Kandel and Faust 1975). Although one cannot predict definitively which users will proceed to opioid use, those who do generally have low self-esteem, disrupted families, and/or difficult relationships with their parents. The increased availability of opioids in inner cities of major urban centers contributes to initiation of use and relapse. It is particularly difficult to avoid use and relapse in areas with high unemployment, poor school systems, and high crime rates, because living in such an area may contribute to the very affects opioid use temporarily reheves. 

Chen K, Kandel DB The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the midthirties in a general population sample. Am J Public Health 85 41 7, 1995... 

Kandel DB Marijuana users in young adulthood. Arch Gen Psychiatry 42 200—209, 1984... 

Kandel, ER, Schwartz, JH and Jessell, TM (2000) Principles of Neural Science, 4th edition, Prentice Hall. 

Kandell, R.L. and Bernstein, C. (1991). Bile salt/acid induction of DNA damage in bacterial and mammalian cells, implications for colon cancer. Nutr. Cancer 16, 227-238. 

L. Zelles, A. Palojarvi, E. Kandeler, M. VonLut/.ow, K. Winter, Q. Y. Bai. Changes in. soil mierobial properties and phospholipid fatty acid fractions after chloroform fumigation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 1325 (1997). 

E. R. Kandel and L. R. Squire, Neuroscience breaking down scientific barriers to the study of brain and mind, Science, 290, 1113 (2000). 

In the vertebrate CNS monoamines have been associated with a number of physiological functions (reviewed in Kandel et al., 1991). Serotonin has functions associated with mood, pain, sleep, learning, and memory. Dopamine has functions associated with schizophrenia, Parkinson s disease, and cocaine addiction. In vertebrates, dopamine is further metabolized into two additional neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Norepinephrine increases the excitability of cells in response to sudden sensory input such as fear. Epinephrine has been identified in specific neurons of the brain, but the function of these cells is unknown. In addition, AADC has also been found in a class of neurons that do not have any of the four neurotransmitters discussed above (Jaeger et al., 1983). These neurons may use one of the trace amines, tyramine, tryptamine, or phenylethylamine, as a neurotransmitter. 

Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., and Jessell, T. M. (1991). Principles of Neural Science. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., New York. 

Saper, C.B., Iversen, S., and Frackowiak, R., Integration of sensory and motor function the association areas of the cerebral cortex and the cognitive capabilities of the brain, in Principles of Neuroscience, 4th ed., Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., and Jessell, T.M., Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000, chap. 19. 

Johansen C., Kandel D., Bonese K. The effect of perphenazine on self-administration behavior. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 4 427, 1976. 

Kandel, E. (1987), Preface , in E. Kandel (Ed.), Molecular Neurobiology in Neurology and Psychiatry, Raven Press, New York, pp. vii-ix. 

Frederickson, C.J., Suh, S.W., Silva, D. and Thompson, R.B. (2000). Importance of zinc in the central nervous system the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr., 130, 1471S-1483S Holt, M. and Jahn, R. (2004). Synaptic vesicles in the fast lane. Science, 303, 1986-1987 Kandel, E.R. (2001). The molecular biology of memory storage a dialogue between genes and synapses. Science, 294, 1030-1038... 

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