Kanamycin resistant bacteria

The next problem for H. Umezawa was to use his findings to design new kanamycin derivatives effective against resistant bacteria. The synthetic work was undertaken in cooperation with his brother. Prof Sumio Umezawa of Keio University, and one of the writers (T. Tsuchiya). The first useful derivatives active against resistant bacteria, namely, 3, 4 -dideoxy-kanamycin B (dibekacin) and 3 -deoxykanamycin A, were prepared in 1971. These were also found active against Pseudomonas known to have intrinsic resistance. These results supported the truth of H. Umezawa s theory. In the synthesis of dibekacin, the Tipson-Cohen method for introducing unsaturation, developed by one of the writers (D. Horton, 1966) for pyranoside... 

Attaching fnnctionalities at the N-1 position of the 2-deoxystreptamine among kanamycin or neomycin class antibiotics, is one of the other most effective methods of reviving the activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. This strategy has led to the development of semisynthetic amikacin that has an (5 )-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl (AHB) group at N-1 position. 

Copyright (2005) from (Novel Method for the Synthesis of 3, 4-Dideoxygenated Pyranmycin and Kanamycin Compounds, and Studies of Their Antibacterial Activity against Aminoglycoside Resistant Bacteria) by (Cheng-Wei Tom Chang). Reproduced by permission of Taylor Francis Group. LLC., http//www.taylorandfrancis.com. 

Kanamycin, like neomycin, exerts prominent antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative susceptible strains of bacteria. However, the clinical effectiveness of kanamycin has become obsolete due to the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. (33,34) As one of the antidotes... 

Scientists have identified biosynthetic gene clusters for many aminoglycoside antibiotics, including streptomycin, kanamycin, butirosin, neomycin and gentamicin. A full understanding of how these antibiotics work may enable scientists to get around the problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 

Competent M15 or SG 13(K)9 E coli strains (Qiagen, Courtaboeuf, France) bearing the Rep4 plasmid. This plasmid confers kanamycin resistance to transformed bacteria and encodes the lac repressor... 

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