Kanamycin against resistant bacteria

The next problem for H. Umezawa was to use his findings to design new kanamycin derivatives effective against resistant bacteria. The synthetic work was undertaken in cooperation with his brother. Prof Sumio Umezawa of Keio University, and one of the writers (T. Tsuchiya). The first useful derivatives active against resistant bacteria, namely, 3, 4 -dideoxy-kanamycin B (dibekacin) and 3 -deoxykanamycin A, were prepared in 1971. These were also found active against Pseudomonas known to have intrinsic resistance. These results supported the truth of H. Umezawa s theory. In the synthesis of dibekacin, the Tipson-Cohen method for introducing unsaturation, developed by one of the writers (D. Horton, 1966) for pyranoside... 

Attaching fnnctionalities at the N-1 position of the 2-deoxystreptamine among kanamycin or neomycin class antibiotics, is one of the other most effective methods of reviving the activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. This strategy has led to the development of semisynthetic amikacin that has an (5 )-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl (AHB) group at N-1 position. 

Copyright (2005) from (Novel Method for the Synthesis of 3, 4-Dideoxygenated Pyranmycin and Kanamycin Compounds, and Studies of Their Antibacterial Activity against Aminoglycoside Resistant Bacteria) by (Cheng-Wei Tom Chang). Reproduced by permission of Taylor Francis Group. LLC., http//www.taylorandfrancis.com. 

Kanamycin, like neomycin, exerts prominent antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative susceptible strains of bacteria. However, the clinical effectiveness of kanamycin has become obsolete due to the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. (33,34) As one of the antidotes... 

Kanamycin (a complex of three antibiotics. A, B and C) is active in low concentrations against various Gram-positive (including penicillin-resistant staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria. It is a recognized second-line dmg in the treatment of tuberculosis. 

Kanamydn Sulfate, U5P. Kanamycin (Kantrex) was icolaied in 19.57 by Umezawa and coworkers - from Strep-iimyres kanamyceticus. Its activity against mycobacteria. ind many intestinal bacteria, as well as a number of patho-ceas that show resistance to other antibiotic.s, brought a great ileal of attention to this antibiotic. As a result, kanamycin was tested and released for medical use in a very short time. 

The kanamycins are 4,6-disubstituted 2-DOS derivatives obtained from S. kanamyceti-cus. The United States product is primarily KM-A KM-B is also available in Japan (amin-odeoxykanamycin). KM was first isolated in 1957. Kanamycin, although effective against both Gm- and Gm+ bacteria as well as against mycobacteria, is now commonly resistant, especially to important Gm- organisms such as Pseudomonas and Serratia. Its use has... 

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