Jujubosides

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Z. spinosa Suan Zao or Suan Zao Ren (Jujube, Chinese date) (seed) Saponins, betulinic acid, betulic acid, betulin, jujuboside A, jujuboside B, sanjoinines, daechu alkaloids.133-44-53 For insomnia, neurasthenia, and irritation. 

Juglandic acid Juglanin Juglonone Jugone Jujuboside A Jujuboside k-strophanthin-P Kadsurarin A Kadsuric acid... 

Subsequent to the isolation of the dammarane-type triterpenoid glycosides jujuboside B (112), hodulosides I-V (113-117), hovenoside I, and saponins C2, E, and H (122-125) as sweetness inhibitors from the leaves of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. var. tomentella Makino [139], hodulosides VII-X (118-121) were isolated as sweetness-inhibitory agents [140]. Hodulosides I (113) and II (114) have hovenolactone (151) as their aglycone which is the same compoimd as in saponins E (124) and H (125). Hodulosides Ill-V and VII-X (115-121) are based on two different danunarane-type aglycone structures, however [139,140]. The sweetness-inhibitory potencies of hodulosides are shown in Table 2. The sweetness-inhibitory potency of hoduloside X (121) was not determined [140]. 

The dammarane-type triterpene glycosides, jujubosides A (119), B (120), C (121) and protojujuboside A (122) from Zizyphus jujuba var spinosa were found to show potent immunological adjuvant activity on the base of the serum anti-OVA antibody levels in OVA - immunized mice [101]. Jujubosides A (119), B1 (123) and protojujuboside A (122) were most equivalent to QS-21 used as a positive control and jujuboside C (121) was found to show an exceptionally potent effect. 

At least 10 of jujube s saponins (e.g. ziziphin, jujubasaponins, and jujuboside B) are sweetness inhibitors that reduce the sensation of sweet taste (elevate the sweetness threshold) of glucose, fructose, aspartame, and other sweetening agents. No taste modifying effect was observed with bitter, salty, or sour flavors. 

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