Joint Traumatic Injuries

The vines and roots of various Schisandra species (e.g., S. sphenanthera and 5. henryi) are used in China to treat painful joints, rheumatism, and traumatic injuries. 

The wrist joint is involved in virtually every human functional activity and as such, are exposed to high number of traumatic injuries, primary osteoarthritis and secondary degenerative disease [1], One of the most common skeletal disease that is always associated with the wrist joint is Rheumatoid Arthritis [2], The disease affects mostly synovial joints, resulting in considerable pain, loss of function and eventual deformity. It is a life-long condition, and the disease activity might change over time. Even though other joints such as the hip and knee can also be affected with Rheumatoid Arthritis, the most commonly affected joint is the wrist [3]. 

Histologic Considerations 150 Normal US Anatomy and Scanning Technique 153 Pathologic Changes 156 Joint Effusion 156 Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Arthropathies 158 Septic Arthritis 162 Traumatic Injuries 163 Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis) 166 Deposition Diseases 169 Postoperative Complications 173... 

The knee is the joint most commonly affected by intra-articular loose bodies (Milgram, 1991). Fragments may derive from either traumatic injuries (i.e., transchondral fractures and osteochondritis dissecans) or a variety of joint disorders (i.e., degenerative osteoarthritis, neuropathic joint disease) in which the articular surfaces are severely damaged and fragmented. More rarely, loose bodies can be... 

CCL3 Synovium, SF ELISA IHC Higher levels compared with OA, gout, and traumatic joint injury. Higher levels found in early arthritis (<1 y), in lining and sublining layer of synovium compared with late arthritis (>5y). 38, 135, 141, 189... 

CCL4 Serum Synovium, SF Multiplex ELISA Levels comparable with RP. Higher levels compared with OA and traumatic joint injury. 38, 187... 

Botulinum toxin injection has been documented as a means to control severe spasticity in various clinical situations. This intervention, for example, can help remove spastic dominance in certain patients so that volitional motor function can be facilitated. For example, judicious administration of botulinum toxin can result in improved gait and other functional activities in selected patients with cerebral palsy, stroke, or traumatic brain injury.7,36,49,78 Even if voluntary motor function is not improved dramatically, reducing spasticity in severely affected muscles may produce other musculoskeletal benefits. For example, injection of botulinum toxin can reduce spasticity so that muscles can be stretched or casted more effectively, thus helping to prevent joint contractures and decreasing the need for surgical procedures such as heel-cord lengthening and adductor release.12,98... 

Noyes FR, Bassett RW, Grood ES, Butler DL (1980) Arthroscopy in acute traumatic hemarthrosis of the knee. Incidence of anterior cruciate tears and other injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am 62 687-695, 757... 

Pandey R, McNally E, Ali A, Bulstrode C (1998) The role of MRl in the diagnosis of occult hip fracture. Injury 29 61-63 Ratliff AHC (1970) Fractures of the neck of the femur in children. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 44 528 Salisbury RD, Eastwood DM (2000) Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children. Clin Orthop 377 106-111 Scheerlinck T, DeBoeck H (1998) Bilateral stress fractures of the femoral neck complicated by unilateral displacement in a child. J Pediatr Orthop B 7 246-248 Seeger LL, Hall TR (1990) Magnetic resonance imaging of paediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Top Mag Res Imaging 3 61-72... 

Numerous clinical studies and published case reports confirm the efficacy of aescin-containing topical products, especially in the treatment of sport injuries, including blunt trauma of the lower limbs, joint sprains, tendonitis, hematomas, muscle strain, traumatic edema, Achilles tendonitis surgical outpatient trauma, including fractures, sprains, crush injuries, and contusions postoperative or postpartum edema in obstetrics and gynecology and others. 

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