Japanese separators

Since the glass mat supplies sufficient stiffness, high backweb thickness was no longer needed These fleeces are made of organic fibers (polyester and polypropylene, as well as so-called synthetic pulp, i.e., fibrillated polypropylene) on paper machines. 

The basic materials are sufficiently stable in sulfuric acid not to require the expensive phenolic resin impregnation. Traces of adhesive are applied to hold the glass mat in order to achieve the total thickness. This separation system may be expensive to manufacture, a fact certainly largely balanced by savings in positive active mass, but it also has some indisputable advantages. 

The electrical resistance, at 60-90 cm, is astonishingly low, because the backweb is only 0.25-0.30 mm thick and the glass mat with its porosity in excess of 90% also contributes only a little. In some types of construction the low electrical resistance cannot be fully utilized, however, due to a tendency for gas to be trapped within the glass mat 

The oxidative stability is excellent. Direct contact between the glass mat and the positive electrode produces a far lower tendency to shed active mass thus as a general rule the failure mode is positive grid corrosion. 

It is rather diflBcult to compare constructions diflfering to such an extent, since in the course of development the standards and also the electric layout of vehicles have been adapted to accommodate to the products available. Table 11.9 shows typical data for Japanese separators. From the above it can be clearly seen that a direct comparison or even an exchange for other leaf separators is almost impossible. 

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Table 9. Synthetic pulp - glass mat separators ( Japanese separators)...

Jahn-Teller distortions 309 ff Japanese separators 264, 267 Joule effect, heat losses 13 jump frequency, solid electrolytes 532 Jungner nickel cadmium batteries 22... 

Note that a review of battery separators for lithium-ion cells was recently published [1] in Japanese. 

Basic technology for membrane separation of biomolecules was invented in the United States, but the West Germans and the Japanese lead in its application to separations of enzymes and amino acids from complex mixtures. Japanese... 

The availability of North American specimens of Glehnia made it possible to compare coumarin and acetylene profiles of this widely disjunct system (Hiraoka et al., 2002). Analysis of plant material collected from four widely separated sites, that is, northern California, central Oregon, northern Washington, and northeastern Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, revealed a profile characterized by low levels of furanocoumarins and a comparatively high level of panaxynol. The results are similar to those that characterize the southern Japanese form. The North American... 

The liquid-phase hydration of cyclohexene is carried out by a Japanese company with a slurry of zeolite ZSM-5 as the catalyst. Here, the product separates into two layers and cyclohexano leaves in the organic cyclohexene phase and the catalyst stays in the aqueous phase, which is recycled. The two-phase strategy, therefore, has special significance in this case. A recent publication by Ogawa et al. (1998a) gives some details of this system. 

Novel chiral. separations using enzymes and chiral surfactants as carriers have been realized using facilitated transport membranes. Japanese workers have reported the synthesis of a novel norbornadiene polymeric membrane with optically active pendent groups that show enantio.selectivity, which has shown promi.se in the. separation of propronalol. 

Salmon roe is a favorite food for Japanese people, often served with sushi. Salmon are captured in the ocean (about 1000 salmon in one fishing expedition) and separated into female and male in the fishing ports, because female salmon sell at a much higher price than male salmon. However, as selection by external... 

The importance of adequate support by database reference material is well illustrated with the following case. After chromatographic separation (TLC, CC), the combination of >H/13C NMR, DI-MS (El), FTIR and HPLC (IJV/VIS, DAD and MS) a flame retardant in a Japanese polypropylene TV cabinet on the European market was identified as tetrabromobisphenol-,S -bis-(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBP-S) [168]. The result was verified by synthesis of reference material the product was finally identified as Non Nen 52 from Marubishi Oil Chemical Co., Ltd (Osaka), not registered in any spectral database. 

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