Japan field tests

Kikuta K., Hongo S., et al. Field test of C02 injection in Nagaoka, Japan, in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Vancouver, Canada. 2005 1367-1372. 

Lists of field-test notifications in the European Union, the USA, Canada, Australia and Japan respectively. Available from http //engl.jrc/it http //www.nbiap.vt.edu/ http // www.inspection.gc.ca/ http // www.health.gov.au/ogtr/index.htm www. s. affrc.go. jp/docs / sebtan / eguide / edevelp.htm. List of field tests applications for many countries in Asia, South America and Africa are available from http //binas.unido.org/binas/home/ php. 

Figure 21 shows two prototypes of the monolithic Z-type interconnected modules, fabricated by Aisin Seiki in Japan. Note that carbon is used as a back contact to cut cost. Field tests of such modules already started several years ago and the results of these tests revealed advantages of the DSC with regards to silicon panels under realistic outdoor conditions. Thus, for equal rating under standard test conditions the DSC modules produced 20-30% more energy under real outdoor conditions than the polycrystalfine silicon (pc-Si) modules. A photograph of the test station comparing the two types of photovoltaic technologies is shown in Fig. 22. The superior performance of the DSC can be ascribed to the following factors ...

Fig. 22 Outdoor field tests of DSC modules in Kariya City Japan at lat. 35° 10 N, Azimuthal angle 0°, facing due south, tilted at 30°. Note the pc-Si modules in the second row...

Toyota Motor Corporation is one of many major automakers that has built and is currently field testing a small handful of FCVs. As discussed by Taiyo Kawai, from Toyota s headquarters in Japan, the company will continue to accelerate the research and development of FCV technologies and to test this technology in a growing fleet of demonstration vehicles. 

Some preliminary tests of brassinosteroids by the USDA Beltsville group suggested that brassinosteroids can be used for increasing food production (73). This early work led to extensive studies on effects of brassinosteroids on plant growth and application in agriculture which were carried out in Japan, due to the availability of brassinosteroids (14). A significant amount of epibrassinolide was provided vide supra for the field tests. The samples of brassinolide and 225,235-homobrassinolide were also supplied for field tests. The basic biological studies on brassinosteroids were started in Japan in 1980 and field tests for practical use have been undertaken since 1983. The results of these studies have been reviewed in Japanese articles (75). 

A first patent application [5] to protect compounds of the novel chemical class of the pyridine azomethines, such as 5, was filed by Ciba-Geigy (later Novartis, now Syngenta) in 1989 and within a short time some further inventions (pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde N-oxides 6 [6], imidazoles 7 [7], 3-[(N-heterocyclyl) iminomethyl]pyridines 8 [8]) were made and patented (Table 30.1.1). In 1996 Nihon Nohyaku discovered the insecticidal activity of the corresponding amino-quinazolinones 9 and 10 [9-13] and has evaluated two compounds (NNI 0101 and NNI 9768) in official field tests in Japan. In 2006 Nihon Nohyaku has enquired a common name for NNI 0101 (proposed common name pyrifluquinzon IU PAG name 1-acetyI-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-[( 3-pyridyImethyIamino] -6-[ 1,2,2,2-... 

No. 273 and No. 301 are the specification for plastics used in medical practice, in Japan. These testing items consist of extraction test, heavy metal analysis, acute toxicity test, hemolysis test and pyrogen test. All the results of the examination passed the regulations and indicate that the 1, 2-PBD is safe enough to be used as a plastic packaging for foods. In the case of acute toxicity, the number of deaths of the mice was zero. Further, it is assumed that the 1, 2-PBD has the possibi-bility to be applied to the medical plastics field. 

PAFCs are mostly developed for stationary applications. Both in the U.S. and Japan, hundreds of PAFC systems were produced, sold, and used in field tests and demonstrations. It is still one of the few fuel cell systems that are available for purchase. Development of PAFC had slowed... 

These large-scale, costly field tests demonstrated the merits and defects of different bombs, and indicated that the M69 would be effective. The missile wobbled and therefore was not always accurate, but its inaccuracy turned out to be of little moment in the low altitude, large area bombing later carried out over Japan. 

Figure 4 shows the degradation profiles recorded for PLA. The degradation extent of powder and film reached 61.2% and 73.5% as the mean (n=6) of the experiment during 45 days, respectively. On the contrary, Avicel and filter paper as reference materials reached 49.2% and 70.5% as the mean (n = 3), respectively. On the other hand, judging from the degradation of PLA, it was faster compared to the field test performed by BPS from 1999 to 2000 in Japan. Therefore, we have confirmed that this method is valid for the evaluation of the biodegradability of plastic materials in the presence of mature compost. 

In response to biological weapons development in Germany and Japan, the USA, UK and Canada initiated a bioweapon development programme that resulted in the weaponisation of tularaemia, anthrax, brucellosis and botulism toxin. Field-testing by the UK during World War II left Gruinard Island in Scotland contaminated with anthrax for the next half-century. 

Sulzer Hexis started its SOFC development in 1989 [53,54], In the period 1989-1997, two proof-of-concept systems were demonstrated in Winterthur, Switzerland, at Sulzer Hexis facilities and in Dortmund, Germany (Dortmund Energy and Water utility company DEW). This proof-of-concept phase was followed by a field test on six customer sites in Switzerland, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain and Germany. Together, these field test units accumulated 65,600 operating hours. The field test phase was finished in 2000 and currently the market entry phase has started. Sulzer Hexis has orders for more than 400 of its HXS 1000 Premiere fuel cell units. The customers are utility companies, mainly located in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Systems will be delivered from 2003 onward [55], Sulzer Hexis expects to sell 10,000 units in 2005 and to increase annual sales to 260,000 units by 2010. 

M. Schmidt and R. Diethelm, Sulzer Hexis SOFC System First Results of 3-Year Field Test, IFCC Technical Conference, Japan, 1-2 December 1999. 

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