Issues lead content

Mclnnes G. 1988. Airborne lead concentrations and the effect of reductions in the lead content of petrol. Govt Reports Announcements Index (GRA I). NTIS/PB88-151345, Issue 09. 

Another issue affecting the architectural paint industry is the remediation of homes, buildings, and structures that contain lead-based paint. Lead poisoning in children has been linked to ingestion of paint dust or paint chips that contain lead pigments and this has resulted in U.S. government regulations to reduce the lead content in paint to no more than 0.06%. 

The environmental issue has impacted the production system, accelerated the obsolescence of old technology of primary lead production from its ores and triggered the research of new products with lower lead content or absolutely lead-free.Therefore, pigments, paints and anti-detonating compoimds are now lead-free, while the lead content of hunting ammunition has been significantly reduced. 

Whilst no actual cases of harm to children were reported, the impact of these events on Mattel s reputation has been significant. Part of the problem lay in the way in which Mattel handled the recall. Firstly, they may have over-reacted to the lead paint issue by recalling many toys that did not contravene US regulations on lead content in paint. Secondly, Mattel s initial reaction was to blame the Chinese manufacturers for fhese problems, only subsequently having to acknowledge that the issue with the magnets was caused by Mattel s design rather than by the manufacturer. 

Another issue in the preparation of reference material is the required shelf life. The shelf life of reference material is the time that it remains stable under proper storage conditions. Depending on the nature of the mechanisms affecting the stability of the material, various actions can be taken to improve the shelf life. Reduction of the moisture content is one of the first options to be considered. In many cases, moisture plays a key role in mechanisms leading to instability of the matrix and/or parameters. In other cases, sterilization or pasteurization of the material might be considered in order to stop bacterial activity. When preparing solutions, additives may increase the shelf life. Obviously, the shelf life of material is also a function of the storage conditions. 

Yolk colour plays a role in consumer acceptance, but the preferred colour varies in different countries. Yolk colour has no relation to nutrient content, flavour or freshness, but is often enhanced in conventional production systems by addition of synthetic pigments to the animal feed. In organic production, synthetic yolk pigments are prohibited and this normally results in paler yolks, but may also lead to greater variability in yolk colour intensity. In many European countries paler yolk colour is perceived by consumers as being associated with less natural production systems, an issue that clearly needs to be addressed by improved consumer information. 

At this point we again stress the sequence of definitions leading to Eq. (4.2.16). First, the correlation function is defined as a measure of the extent of the dependence between the two events in Eq. (4.2.12) [or, equivalently, in Eq. (4.2.13)]. The probabilities used in the definition of g a, b) were read from the GPF of the system, e.g., (4.2.1). This side of g a, b) allows us to investigate the molecular content of the correlation function, which is the central issue of this book. The other side of g a, b) follows from the recognition that the limiting value of g(a, b), denoted by g a, b), connects the binding constants ah and kg A. This side of g a, b) allows us to extract information on the cooperativity of the system from the experimental data. In other words, these relationships may be used to calculate the correlation fimction from experimental data, on the one hand, and to interpret these correlation functions in terms of molecular properties, on the other. 

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