Issues and improvements for the future

Another area of unmet need is in the identification of surfactants in textile wastewater. The effects of surfactants can be readily measured in terms of reduction of surface energy, foaming, aquatic toxicity, turbidity, and the like. However, it is often desirable to identify the exact concentration and identity of surfactants in wastewater. This is helpful, for example, in efforts to evaluate waste treatment system removal efficiency, or to reduce the detrimental effects of surfactants on the environment by pollution prevention (or cleaner production as it is called outside the USA). At present, there is no reasonable scheme for surfactant identification in textile wastewater. 

Lee J (1995), Pollution Reduction in Textile Manufacturing, Master s Thesis, NC State University, Raleigh NC. 

North Carolina Administrative Code (2002), Volume 15A Section 2L.0202 and Section 2L.0202(c), 7 April 2002, State of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC. 

North Carolina General Statutes (NCOS) (2000), West s North Carolina General Statutes Annotated, West Group, Saint Paul, MN, Chapter 143, Sections 214 and 215. 

Reife A (1993), Dyes, Environmental chemistry , Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edition, John WUey Sons, New York, Volume 8, 753-783. 

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