ISPS also

For multiexponential or nonexponential decays, the apparent i ase lifetimes are shorter than the a > ent modulation lifetimes (ip [Pg.177]

International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineering (ISPE) is a non-profit association for pharmaceutical professionals. ISPE focused on the knowledge of pharmaceutical manufacturing and its quality. It organises discussions, meetings, courses and training on topics on pharmaceutical manufacturing. ISPE also publishes its own journal. Published by International Society for Pharmaceu-... 

ISPS also supports procedures and procedure calls the ISPS Reference Manual refers to a procedure as an entity with a behavioral expression for a body, and to a procedure call as the activation of an entity. As in most procedural languages, procedures can be passed a set of parameters (values), and a single value can be explicitly returned by the procedure. Furthermore, values may be transferred to the procedure through global carriers and modified, causing side effects. 

ISPS also supports a qualifier mechanism to supply arbitrary additional information to applications programs. Qualifiers consist of an identifier and a list of values surrounded by "0" brackets, and can be attached to any operation, carrier, or entity. 

In addition to ISP and BASF, ARCO has begun producing l-methyl-2-pyrrohdinone at a plant in Texas. NMP is also made in Japan (Mitsubishi) and in Russia. Annual U.S. production (1991) has been estimated by OSHA at 36,000—39,000 t. 

The synthesis of copolymers from AN and isoprene (ISP) is one of the most promising and effective methods of modifying the properties of PAN to obtain fibres with improved practical properties40. This fibre-forming AN copolymer can, in principle, be also used to spin fibres without using a solvent. 

The insertion of ISP monomeric units also results in significant changes in the thermomechanical properties of the copolymers. The glass-transition temperature... 

Modified PAN fibres have been obtained from copolymers containing up to 15% or ISP units using the wet spinning process30. Some properties of modified fibres are presented in Table 1. For comparison are also given the properties of fibres obtained from copolymers additionally crosslinked with conventional crosslinking agents used in the vulcanization of nitrile rubbers. 

Note Pneumatically assisted electrospray is also termed ion spray (ISP). However, the term ISP is not recommended instead of pneumatically assisted ESI because ISP i) represents a mere modification of the ESI setup and ii) is a company-specific term. [63]... 

Moving forward, one needs to establish what the user requirements should be for an HPLC system. These requirements are also referred to as user requirement specifications (URS—ISPE/GAMP) they will be subsequently referred to as URS throughout this chapter. Things to con-sider/include within the URS are ... 

Formally, suppose we have a random variable, jc, which has measurements over the range a to b. Also, assume that the probability density function of x can be written as p(x). In addition, assume a second function g, such that g(x ) p(x) =J x). For example, gix) could represent a dose-response function on concentration and p(x) is the probability density function of concentration. The expected value (which is the most likely value or the mean value) of g(J ) isp... 

Combustion (Flame) Temperature of Propellants Measurements. Optical methods are the most widely used for the measurement of flame temperature. Since the study of a flame depends not only on temperature, but also on other factors (the radiation factor, the chemical reactions in the gases, etc), it is necessary first of all to study the spectral characteristics of the objects under investigation. Flame spectra were studied in Russia on the ISP-51 spectrograph... 

Azide polymers such as GAP and BAMO are also used to formulate AP composite propellants in order to give improved specific impulses compared with those of the above-mentioned AP-HTPB propellants. Since azide polymers are energetic materials that burn by themselves, the use of azide polymers as binders of AP particles, with or without aluminum particles, increases the specific impulse compared to those of AP-HTPB propellants. As shown in Fig. 4.15, the maximum fp of 260 s is obtained at (AP) = 0.80 and is approximately 12 % higher than that of an AP-HTPB propellant because the maximum loading density of AP particles is obtained at about (AP) = 0.86 in the formulation of AP composite propellants. Since the molecular mass of the combustion products. Mg, remains relatively unchanged in the region above (AP) = 0.8, Isp decreases rapidly as (AP) increases. 

CL-20 was evaluated in both propellant and explosive formulations. A large number of CL-20-based PBXs are reported in the literature. A comparison of their VOD with that of the corresponding HMX-based formulations reveals a 12-15% higher energy potential of CL-20-based formulations. CL-20 is also a superior alternative to RDX and HMX for application in low-signature rocket propellants. CL-20-based propellants offer burn-rates much higher (-35-110%) than those of HMX-based propellants. The performance of CL-20-based propellants in terms of Isp is found to be higher than those of RDX-based propellants. 

Isp of a propellant is also a function of chemical parameters and can be calculated according to Equation 4.8 ... 

Isp is also related to the characteristic exhaust velocity (C ), calculated from the P-t... 

ADN and HNF are two powerful oxidizers mainly intended to be used in solid propellants. They have the potential to increase Isp above that of AP-based propellants and also they are environmentally benign. A comparative study of ADN and HNF was conducted by two European pioneers [ADN FOI Stockholm, Sweden and HNF TNO-PML Netherlands] and the gist of their findings [86] is reproduced below ... 

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