Isosorbide dinitrate pharmaceuticals

Cognate Assays The following two pharmaceutical products, namely Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Tablets and Diluted Isosorbide dinitrate are assayed by using a solution of phenoldisulphonic acid as detailed below ... 

A high-performance, liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) assay (reversed phase, C lg column, methanol - water- acetate buffer) for isosorbide dinitrate along with the two mononitrates in pharmaceutical formulations has been described.45 A similar method can be found in Ref. 44. 

Differential scanning calorimetry can be used to detect isosorbide dinitrate in the presence of various proportions of other isohexide mononitrates in pharmaceutical formulations81 and for testing its hazardous characteristics.82 A complete analytical profile for isosorbide dinitrate, detailing spectroscopic and other physical properties, as well as useful analytical methods, has been reported.83... 

The continuous worldwide application of isosorbide dinitrate and, since the early eighties, of isosorbide 5-mononitrate also, has given rise to a very great number of publications on different aspects of these drugs. It would be beyond the scope of this report to include all of the work on these two important compounds. The present synopsis is therefore restricted to other novel isohexide derivatives and to some new pharmaceutical applications of known compounds. 

Carlson, M. Thompson, R.D. Snell, R.P. Determination of isosorbide dinitrate in pharmaceutical products by HPLC. J.Chromatogr.Sci., 1988, 26, 574-578... 

The double dehydration of sorbitol yields D-isosorbide (l,4 3,6-dianhydrohexitol), a white, biodegradable, nontoxic solid. It is used in medicine to treat glaucoma. Other medications are derived from isosorbide, including isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate used to treat angina pectoris. The high thermal stability makes isosorbide interesting as a monomeric building block for thermoplastic polymers such as polyester and polycarbonates. The electrophilic alkylation of isosorbide with dimethyl sulfate yields dimethyl isosorbide, a colorless liquid which is used as a plasticizer for vinyl polymers and as a solvent in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. 

Some nitrate esters are widely used in medicine as coronary vasodilators. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was often used to determine these nitrate esters and their metabolites in human plasma. Nitroglycerin and its two metabolites, glycerol-1,2-dinitrate and glycerol 1,3-dinitrate, were most frequently analyzed in human plasma. Other pharmaceutically employed nitrate esters, such as isosorbide dinitrate and PETN, were also determined in blood by GC-MS. The preferred ionization method for the determination of these nitrate esters in blood was NCI in the SIM mode, often monitoring the NOs" at m/z 62. The analytical procedures are not discussed here but are reviewed in detail elsewhere [20]. 

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