Isopropylbenzene structure

Give the structure of the expected product from the reaction of isopropylbenzene with... 

There is some increase in selectivity with functionally substituted carbenes, but the selectivity is still not high enough to prevent formation of mixtures. Phenylchlorocarbene gives a relative reactivity ratio of 2.1 1 0.09 in insertion reactions with isopropylbenzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene.132 For cycloalkanes, tertiary positions are about 15 times more reactive than secondary positions toward phenylchlorocarbene.133 Carbethoxycarbene inserts at tertiary C—H bonds about three times as fast as at primary C—H bonds in simple alkanes.134 Because of low selectivity, intermolecular insertion reactions are seldom useful in synthesis. Intramolecular insertion reaction are of considerably more use. Intramolecular insertion reactions usually occur at the C—H bond that is closest to the carbene, and good yields can frequently be obtained. Intramolecular insertion reactions can provide routes to highly strained structures that would be difficult to obtain in other ways. 

Production of phenol and acetone is based on liquid-phase oxidation of isopropylbenzene. Synthetic fatty acids and fatty alcohols for producing surfactants, terephthalic, adipic, and acetic acids used in producing synthetic and artificial fibers, a variety of solvents for the petroleum and coatings industries—these and other important products are obtained by liquid-phase oxidation of organic compounds. Oxidation processes comprise many parallel and sequential macroscopic and unit (or very simple) stages. The active centers in oxidative chain reactions are various free radicals, differing in structure and in reactivity, so that the nomenclature of these labile particles is constantly changing as oxidation processes are clarified by the appearance in the reaction zone of products which are also involved in the complex mechanism of these chemical conversions. 

Synonyms isopropylbenzene, (1-methyl ethyl) benzene, 2-phcnylpropanc Formula C9H12 Structure ... 

As a consequence of the close-packing principle, chemically different molecules with similar shape and volume should have identical crystal structures [27]. Substances forming mixed crystals must be isomorphous (i.e., not only must they have an identical space group and the same number of molecules, but also a similar molecular packing), otherwise there will be a discontinuity in their solubility curve [5]. For example, benzoic acid and isopropylbenzene, in spite of the similarity in... 

Not only do the mechanistic details of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation depend on the allg l group (R), but even the gross outcome of the reaction depends on the structure of R. Although the alkyl halides we have mentioned so far all succeed in making the related alkylated benzenes, there are many that do not. Suppose we set out to make propylbenzene by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene using 1-chloropropane, benzene, and aluminum chloride. As we run this reaction, all looks well at first. The products formed are of the correct molecular weight, but a closer look uncovers a problem. Some propylbenzene is formed, but the major product is isopropylbenzene (Fig. 14.37). 

Results of a study of effects of the structure of the Ai-hydroxyphthalimides, nature of the catalyst cuprous salt and solvent on the oxidation of isopropylbenzene by O2 suggests that the system consisting of Ai-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalimide and CuBr in chlorobenzene is most efficient. ... 

The third limitation of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction is the structural rearrangement of the alkyl carbocation generated from the alkyl halide. A rearrangement of the alkyl group gives a different product than the one desired. For example, the reaction with 1-chloropropane in the presence of AlCl yields a small amount of propylbenzene, but a larger amount of the isomer, isopropylbenzene. 

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