Isopropanol, formation from

Fig. 2. Kinetic curves of the products formation from CNA. b-DPOAi + - DNAj o - CPDAj Catalyst N°9j isopropanol-water (90 10), 100 cm3j CNA 5 gj CNA/catalyst 0 P 1 bar T G0°Cj stirred tank reactor.

The STG was cast from alx 10 3 M solution into which the mirror had been immersed for from 10 to 20 min (see Appendix 1). The presence of a monolayer was confirmed by ellipsometry (18 A). The spectral data agreed with data gathered on a similar system in a powder form. In this case, CuzO powder was immersed in a 0.01 M solution of isooctyl thioglycolate (OTG) in isopropanol for from 1 to 10 min, washed with pure isopropanol, dried in air, and analyzed via infrared transmission in a KBr dispersion pellet (see Appendix 2). A similar spectral shift of approximately 15 cm 1 (1739— 1724 cm-1) was observed and the lack of two distinct carbonyl absorbances suggested the formation of a monolayer. In both cases, the formation of a copper-mercaptoester salt may be responsible... 

The possibility that the ether radical results from the collapse of an excited ether molecule generated through energy transfer from the excited carbonyl compound seems less probable. The isopropanol isolated from the reaction mixtures when acetone was used as photoinitiator, and the formation of considerable amounts of benzpinacol when benzophenone... 

Jain and Pillai (345) have shown that the ether formation from methanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol is inhibited when phenol and acetic acid were... 

The present study on Ti02 powder formation from Ti(0-iC3H7>4 in supercritical isopropanol has allowed the determination of reaction kinetic constants and activation energy in a temperature range from 531 to 568 K at 10 MPa. The proposed mechanism is based on a hydrolytic decomposition of the alkoxide initiated by water formed in alcohol dehydration catalysed by reactor walls. The derived reaction kinetic order is unity in accordance with experimental results. Such a mechanism also explains that special cares must be taken about the internal surface state of the reactor in order to obtain reproducible results. 

Trace amounts of n-propanol ( 1%) were also formed(GC). As well, trace amounts of acetone were also found however, a control experiment verified its formation from the Mn cluster-catalyzed decomposition of TBHP. Additionally, small amounts of isopropanol can also be oxidized to acetone under the reaction conditions. 

A paper presented at the previous symposium [8J shows that formation of aniline from nitrobenzene is also possible over oxidic solid catalysts. Kijehski found that MgO is a good catalyst for formation of aniline, when hydrogen atoms are supplied from a hydrogen donor (like isopropanol). Formation of... 

Re(PPh3)2NC6H4CH,(H)Cl2 Formation from basic isopropanol 2, 1.10.8.1 C43H3,AS3F4Ni... 

These results do not prove that the ester is an essential intermediate in aqueous solution even though it is present, but the result with the hindred triterpene is convincing In this case the esterification step, which is normally fast, has become rate-determining and the disappearance of the isotope effect must mean that C-H cleavage occurs after the formation of the ester and not independently of it. The generality of this result is apparent from the stopped-flow investigation of isopropanol oxidation ... 

In the presence of nitroxide I, diisopropyl ketone photooxidation takes a course differing considerably from that without this additive (Fig. 5). In this case high yields of isobutyric acid and acetone were obtained, presumably as products arising from the postulated peroxy radicals c and d. On the other hand, the formation of isopropanol is almost completely suppressed. 

Iridium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of aldehyde 73 in the presence of 1,1-dimethylallene promotes tert-prenylation [64] to form the secondary neopentyl alcohol 74. In this process, isopropanol serves as the hydrogen donor, and the isolated iridium complex prepared from [Ir(cod)Cl]2, allyl acetate, m-nitrobenzoic acid, and (S)-SEGPHOS is used as catalyst. Complete levels of catalyst-directed diastereoselectivity are observed. Exposure of neopentyl alcohol 74 to acetic anhydride followed by ozonolysis provides p-acetoxy aldehyde 75. Reductive coupling of aldehyde 75 with allyl acetate under transfer hydrogenation conditions results in the formation of homoallylic alcohol 76. As the stereochemistry of this addition is irrelevant, an achiral iridium complex derived from [Ir(cod)Cl]2, allyl acetate, m-nitrobenzoic acid, and BIPHEP was employed as catalyst (Scheme 5.9). 

Table 2 Results from the decomposition reaction of isopropanol on (MPMol2)b and (MPMol2)b series at 150°C conversion, rate for propene formation (rp) and rate for acetone formation (ra).

One advance in the area of LLE is the use of solid supports that facilitate the partitioning of the analyte(s) of interest. LLE extraction methods involving nonpolar matrices often suffer from the formation of emulsions, and using the solid support is a possible solution. In one study, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans were extracted from the lipid fraction of human blood plasma [32], using diatomaceous earth as the solid support. Long glass columns (30 cm) were packed with several layers of Chem-Elut (a Varian product) and sodium chloride. The plasma samples were diluted with water and ethanol and passed over the columns. A mixture of isopropanol and hexane (2 3) was passed over the column and the LLE was performed. It can be concluded that the LLE with the solid support is easier to perform and can be applied to other lipid heavy matrices such as milk [32]. 

An example of a photolabile mask for alcohols and thiols employing o-benzoylbenzoate esters is reported by Porter and co-workers [100], Primary and secondary alcohols as well as thiols can be easily masked via the formation of the corresponding 2-benzoylbenzoate esters and converted back into alcohols/ thiols under PET-reductive conditions. Irradiation in isopropanol/benzene 1 1 leads to 3-phenylphthalide dimers as the coproduct (together with acetone), whereas more potent electron donors (e.g., amines) result in the monomers and the corresponding imine. Yields generally range from 60% to 90% (Scheme 55) [100]. 

Nitrosonitrocyanomethanides (NNtCM) can easily be synthesized in a two-step reaction (Scheme 18) (i) formation of the metastable cyanomethylnitrolic acid by nitrosation of nitroacetonitrile in water and extracting the cyanomethylnitrolic acid with ether, (ii) treating the dried ether solution of cyanomethylnitrolic acid with a solution of MOR (M = alkali metal, NR4 R = H, alkyl) in isopropanol results in a red precipitate of MNNtCM. The beautiful red alkali NNtCM salts can easily be purified by re-crystallization from methanol (yield 50-60%). 

Data obtained from the photoreduction of benzophenone in isopropanol indicates that the quantum yield (for the formation of acetone) is nearly constant using irradiation at several different wavelengths between 366 and 254 mp..16 The quantum yield for phosphorescence emission from the carbonyl n,ir triplet state is independent of exciting wavelength.22 Furthermore, the singlet excitation spectrum for the phosphorescence emission has been found to be very similar (if not identical) to the absorption spectrum.23 There are other examples where irradiation in the region of a given transition has ultimately led to a triplet of a different type.24... 

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