Isolation stress

Wu, W. et ah, Involvement of TNF-alpha in enhancement of invasion and metastasis of colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells in mice by social isolation stress, Oncol. Res., 11, 461, 1999. 

Nguyen TT, Matsumoto K, Yamasaki K, Watanabe H. (1997). Majonoside-R2 reverses social isolation stress-induced decrease in pentobarbital sleep in mice possible involvement of neuroactive steroids. Life Sciences. 61(4) 395-402. 

Kehoe P, Shoemaker WJ, Arons C, Triano L, Suresh G. 1998. Repeated isolation stress in the neonatal rat relation to brain dopamine systems in the 10-day-old rat. Behav Neurosci 112(6) 1466-1474. 

Kosten TA, Zhang XY, Kehoe P. 2003. Chronic neonatal isolation stress enhances cocaine-induced increases in ventral striatal dopamine levels in rat pups. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 141(1-2) 109-116. 

Kosten, T.A., Miserendino, M.J., and Kehoe, P. (2000) Enhanced acquisition of cocaine self-administration in adult rats with neonatal isolation stress experience. Brain Res 875 44-50. 

In socially housed mice, hetero-grooming may confound self-grooming data. Single-housing mice may eliminate this confound, but this practice should be used with caution, as social isolation stress may induce aberrant behavioral... 

Animals should be put in individual cages the day before testing to avoid effects of acute isolation stress (see Note 28). 

Some studies indicate that patients with schizophrenia have increased circulating cortisol levels (Gil-Ad et al., 1986 Whalley et al., 1989 Breier and Buchanan, 1992 Lammers et al., 1995). As a result, a number of studies have examined the ability of isolation stress in rats (Stevens et al., 1997) or chronic administration of the stress hormone corticosterone in mice (Stevens et al., 2001 Maxwell et al., 2006a) to recreate ERP amplitude and/or gating deficits of schizophrenia. These studies indicate that increased psychological stress and/or chronic corticosterone can yield reduced ERP amplitude and gating deficits similar to the patterns seen in schizophrenia. 

One example most recently developed is a split die consisting of three sections (Figure 10) [64], Integrating the sensing web in a thin middle layer isolates stress measurement to a narrow band around the tablet and gives much closer approximation to the true stress. Further die wall force measurement is linear and independent of tablet height and position as it is uncoupled from all other die wall stresses and strains. Further it is designed in the shape of a conventional die and can be mounted without modification into a die table. 

The requirement for SOD and catalase to work together hints at the importance of antioxidant networking and of course SOD and catalase do not work in isolation. Stress-resistance is the product of many factors, including efficient protein turnover and DNA repair — our second example. 

Katoh, K., Kano, Y., Amano, M. et al. (2001). Rho-kinase-mediated contraction of isolated stress fibers./. Cell Biol. 153, 569-584. 

The human brain has been the subject of much scientific research. While a tremendous amount of information exists and considerable progress has been made in unlocking its many mysteries, many gaps in understanding exist However, it is not essential to understand in full detail how a given function of the brain is mediated in order to accept that it (i.e., the function) exists, or to understand how to maximally isolate, stress, and characterize at least selected attributes of its performance quantitatively. In this chapter, a systems view of major functional aspects of the brain is used as a basis for discussing methods employed to measure what can be termed central processing performance capacities. Central... 

Matsumoto, L, Abe, K., Yakabe, T., Yajima, N., and Sbimoi, K. 2009. Isolation stress for 30 days alters hepatic gene expression profiles especially with reference to Upid metabolism in mice. Physiol Genomics 37 79 7. 

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