Ionic polymer-metal composites membranes

Another study reports on the fabrication of an ionic polymer-metal composite membrane actuator in cantilever beam geometry that can perform an extensive bending movement (more than 100°) and that can remain curled up under constant voltage (Dai et al. 2009). 

Shahinpoor and Moj aired used ion-exchange materials and membranes to produce electrically responsive actuators [41—48] and also encapsulated ion-exchange membrane sensor/actuators. Shahinpoor used electrically responsive polymers coupled with springs and other mechanical devices to improve upon electrically responsive actuators [52] and ionic polymeric conductor composites and ionic polymer metal composites to drive pumps and mini-pumps [41]. 

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) Metal ized ion exchange membranes e.g. Nafion/Pt [41... 

He Q, Yu M, Song L et al (2011) Experimental study and model analysis of the performance of IPMC membranes with various thickness. J Bionic Eng 8 77-85 Jo CH, Pugal D, Oh IK et al (2013) Recent advances in ionic polymer-metal composite actuators... 

Panwar V, Lee C, Ko SY et al (2012) Dynamic mechanical, electrical, and actuation properties of ionic polymer metal composites using PVDF/PVP/PSSA blend membranes. Mater Chem Phys 135 928-937... 

Yeo RS, Yeager HL (1985) Structural and transport properties of perfluorinated ion-exchange membranes. Modem Aspect of Electrochem 16 437-505 Zhu Z, Asaka K, Chang L et al (2013a) Multiphysics of ionic polymer-metal composite actuator. J Appl Phys 114, 084902... 

Rajagopalan etal. [4] reported the synthesis of sulphonated polyetherimide and subsequent synthesis of ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC) by depositing platinum on both sides of the polymer membrane by electroless plating process for use in actuators. The TGA and NMR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of sulfonic groups in the polymer backbone. The content of sulfur in the polymer membrane was measured to be 4.68% by EDX analysis and the degree of sulfonation could also be controlled. SEM micrographs of the composite membrane also confirmed the uniform formation of small platinum particles on the surface of polymer membrane as shown in Figure 1.5. The thickness of... 

The Morphology-Actuation Relationships in Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Membranes Cast with an Ionic Liquid... 

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites or IPMCs, are one type of electroactive polymers that display remarkable shape-altering properties. Most IPMCs are made up of a polymer membrane contained within metal electrodes, which are typically gold or platinum. When an IPMC is hydrated, counter-ions can move freely away from stationary anions toward an electrode when an electric current is induced. This is due to the hydrating liquid s effect of solvating the cation. The result is the IPMC s deflection toward the anode. IPMC membranes have advantages over traditional actuators in the fact that they lack moving parts and require very small voltages to operate. 

THE MORPHOLOGY-ACTUATION RELATIONSHIPS IN IONIC POLYMER-METAL COMPOSITE (IPMC) MEMBRANES CAST WITH AN IONIC LIQUID. 

The IPMC muscle used in our investigation is composed of a perfluorinated ion exchange membrane (lEM), which is chemically composited with a noble metal such as gold or platinum. A typical chemical structure of one of the ionic polymers used in our research is... 

The polymer component in these batteries fulfills the function of a medium for ionic transport and a separator. The polymers are polyethers, PEO, or PPO. However, the lithium salts, dissolved in these polymers, have 100-fold lower conductivity than that of a lithium salt dissolved in water. The low conductivity below 70 °C, the reactivity of the interface with the lithium metal electrode, and the issues related to mechanical properties and electrochemical stability need to be resolved before the lithium polymer battery has acceptable performance. The use of inorganic composite membranes, described in a subsequent section, has been shown to result in improved ionic conductivity. 

Materials of interest include metals and alloys, semiconductors, ceramics and ionic solids, concrete, dielectrics and polymers, composites, biological materials including proteins and enzymes, membranes and coatings, aqueous and nonaqueous solvents and solutions, molten salts, catalytic materials, colloids, surfactants and inhibitors, and emulsions and foams. 

Electric Fuel Ltd. which was modified by the inclusion of an anionic polymeric membrane. The polymeric membrane was composed of interpenetrated network of two polymers. A polycationic cross-linked polyepichlorohydrin was used as the ionic network and poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) was used as the structural polymer to provide mechanical stability and reduced swelling. The cyclic performance of the cell using a saturated aqueous solution of LiOH and untreated ambient air is shown in Fig. 13b. Relatively high capacities were obtained however, on cycling the lithium metal formed a porous or columnar deposit that increased in volume and caused a loss of contact between the hthium metal and O-LATP [50]. The hfetime of this composite air electrode when used with untreated air in 5 M or saturated LiOH aqueous solution was increased firom 10 h without the anion exchange membrane to 1000 h. 

---