Ionic polymer conductor composites

Shahinpoor M (2003) Ionic polymer-conductor composites as biomimetric sensors, robotic actuators and artificial muscles—a review. Electrochim Acta 48(14-16) 2343-2353... 

Shahinpoor, M. (2005) Smart Ionic Polymer Conductor Composite Materials as Multifunctional Distributed Nanosensors, Nanoactuators and Artificial Muscles, Aw. Soc. Mech. Eng., Mat. Div. (Publication), MD, 485-9. 

Shahinpoor, M. and Guran, A. (2003) Ionic Polymer-Conductor Composites (IPCC) as Biomimetric Sensors, Actuators and Artificial Muscles, Selected Topics, in Structures and Mechatronics Systems (ed Belyaev, A. and Guran, A.), World Scientific Publishers, London,... 

Shahinpoor and Moj aired used ion-exchange materials and membranes to produce electrically responsive actuators [41—48] and also encapsulated ion-exchange membrane sensor/actuators. Shahinpoor used electrically responsive polymers coupled with springs and other mechanical devices to improve upon electrically responsive actuators [52] and ionic polymeric conductor composites and ionic polymer metal composites to drive pumps and mini-pumps [41]. 

Liu, S., Liu, W., Liu, Y. et al. (2010) Influence of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite actuators. Polym. Int, 59, 321-328. 

The idea that ions can diffuse as rapidly in a solid as in an aqueous solution or in a molten salt may seem astonishing. However, since the 1960s, a variety of solids that include crystalline compounds, glasses, polymers, and composite materials with exceptionally high ionic conductivities have been discovered. Materials that conduct anions (e.g. and 0 ) and cations including monovalent (e.g. H+, Fi+, Na+, Cu+, Ag+), divalent, and even trivalent and tetravalent ions have been synthesized. A variety of names that have been used for these materials include solid electrolytes, superionic conductors, and fast-ionic conductors. Solid electrolytes arguably provides the least misleading and broadest description for this class of materials. 

The polymer films or membranes used as ionic conductors are often made of composite polymeric materials made up of inert and ionic polymers. In such a material the inert polymer ensures the necessary elasticity and mechanical stability of the membranes, whereas the ionic component is responsible for the electrochemical properties. 

That is why in the past 20 years, conductors having been designed that can be used as electron or ion. Moreover, a polymer material can be combined with appropriate salts, thus obtaining a composite whose ionic conductivity can be put to use as an electrolyte [6, 7],... 

It is well known that graphite is unstable in some aprotic electrolytes. For instance, when propylene carbonate (PC) is used as a solvent, the cointercalation of solvent molecules and the Li ions will lead to the exfoliation of graphite layers Only in some selected electrolyte systems such as LiPF in EC/DEC (EC for ethylene carbonate and DEC for diethyl carbonate), can graphite show better cycling behavior. Solvent decomposition on the surface of conductive carbon or lithium electrodes will lead to the formation of a passivating layer. Peled named this layer as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). ° It is an ionic conductor but electron insulator, mainly composed of LijCOj and various lithium alkylcarbonates (ROCO Li) as well as small amounts of LiE, LijO, and nonconductive polymers. These compounds have been detected on carbon and Li electrodes in various electrolyte systems. Therefore, it would be an interesting question whether semiconductive nano-SnO anode is also sensitive to electrolyte and electrolyte decomposition takes place on it. This section will characterize the structures and compositions of the... 

---