Ionic liquid matrix

Each sample was mixed with the ionic liquid matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid/pyridine) containing C-labelled glucose as internal standard and spotted on the target. MALDI-MS analysis generated reaction profiles by the simultaneous determination of product and substrate concentrations for each enzyme variant. The reaction profiles could be used to sort the enzyme variants into five different classes. 

Figure 14.7 MALDI spectra of the MALDI matrix DHB (upper) and the ionic liquid matrix formed by equimolar mixture of DHB and triethylamine (lower). The triethylammonium-cation is the only signal in the spectrum of the ILM, the signal corresponding to DHB (as well as adducts and fragments thereof) are suppressed in the ILM. (From Tholey, A. and Heinzle, E., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386, 24, 2006. With permission from Springer, Heidelberg, Germany.)...

Mank, M., Stahl, B. and Boehm, G., 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid butylamine and other ionic liquid matrixes for enhanced MALDI-MS analysis of biomolecules. Anal. Chem., 76,2938,2004. 

Tholey, A., Zabet-Moghaddam, M. and Heinzle, E., Quantification of peptides for the monitoring of protease-catalyzed reactions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using ionic liquid matrixes. Anal. Chem., 78,291, 2006. 

Jones, J. J. et al, Ionic liquid matrix-induced metastable decay of peptides and oligonucleotides and stabilization of phospholipids in MALDl FTMS analyses. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spec., 16, 2000,2005. 

Gangoliside in-source fragmentation can be reduced but not eradicated, by doping the matrix with large cations such as cesium, by permethylation,191 conversion of the carboxyl group into a methyl ester,195 and the use of a novel ionic-liquid matrix which has soft desorption capabilities.144... 

Using a similar experimental set-up as for the determination of Abraham s solvation parameters, the activity coefficient of solutes at infinite dilution y" cm be determined from their retention times using gas-liquid chromatography [12, 67-72], Alternatively, the diluter technique is applied [67, 73] for which an inert gas transports the solute from the headspace (which is in equilibrium with the ionic liquid matrix) to a GC-column. The continuous decrease of the concentration in the headspace is measured as a function of time, generating an exponential function from which y°° is calculated. 

Wei D, Baral JK, Osterbacka R et al (2(X)8) Memonry effect in an ionic liquid matrix containing single-waUed carbon nanotubes and polystyrene. Nanotechnology 19 055203... 

An immobilized version of a Heck reaction catalyzed by Pd nanoparticles has been very recently described by Kaiimi and Enders [289]. The nanoparticles were obtained as a result of the covalent anchoring of a N-heterocyclic carbene palladium/ionic liquid matrix on a silica surfece and their nature was confirmed by TEM coupled with EDX analysis. The catalyst showed high thermal stability (up to 280 °C) and could be recycled four times for the reaction of bromobenzene with methylacrylate achieving a total turnover number of 36600. After carrying out a hot filtration process, the authors could not detect any Pd in the filtrate. The filtrate also showed no further reaction progress. Erom these findings the authors concluded that the reaction was, in their case, indeed catalyzed by the heterogeneous Pd particles and not from monomolecular Pd-complexes leached from the sur ce. 

There are two kinds of polymer material that used in quasi-solid/solid state DSSCs. For quasi-solid electrolytes, polyionic liquids have been proposed as solvent and redox couple as solute. They appear in molten salts and present many promising properties, such as, high chemical and thermal stability and high ionic conductivity Their main drawback is related to its high viscosity, which makes the ions diffusion rather slow. As the transport of ions to the counter electrode in an ionic liquid matrix represents a rate-limiting step in DSSC (Bella, 2015), the performance of quasi-solid electrolytes based solar cell is imsatisfled. 

In situ generation of Pd-NHC complexes in an imidazolium-type ionic liquid matrix and grafting of the catalyst on the surface of silica was reported by Karimi and Enders [41]. Pal-ladium(II) anchored on an ionic Uquid matrix, derived from A-3-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, displays high thermal stabihty up to 280 °C. Catalyst 8... 

Karimi, B. and Enders, D. (2006) New IV-heterocyclic carbene palladium complex/ionic liquid matrix immobilized on silica application as recoverable catalyst for the Heck reaction. Org. Lett., 8, 1237-40. 

Chan, K., Lanthier, P., liu, X., Sandhu, J.K., Stanimirovic, D., and li, J. (2009) MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of gangliosides in mouse brain using ionic liquid matrix. Anal. Chim. Acta, 639, 57-61. 

Liang C, Yuan CY, Warmack RJ, Barnes CE, Dai S (2002) Ionic Uquids a new class of sensing materials for detection of oiganic vapors based on the use of a quartz crysteil microbalance. Anal Chem 74 2172-2176 MankM, Stahl B, Boehm G (2004) 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid butylamine and other ionic liquid matrixes for enhanced MALDI-MS analysis of biomolecules. Anal Chem 76 2938-2950 Mantz AR, Trulove PC (2003) Physicochemical properties of ionic liquids. In Wasserscheid P, Welton T (eds) Ionic liquids in synthesis. Wiley, Berlin, pp 75-143... 

When analyzing complex mixtures of ionic liquids, matrix effects cannot be excluded in the first place. Konig et al. [640] investigated the influence of the counterion on the retention behavior of tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate in order to exclude a potential formation of ion pairs that might result in different retention times for the anions. However, the respective results that are summarized in Figure 10.361 do not reveal any significant difference in retention for both anions, independent of IL-relevant counterions EMIM or BMIM, or sodium and potassium being present in solution. 

Yu, J. J., T. Zhao, F. Q. Zhao, and B. Z. Zeng, 2008. Direct electron transfer of hemoglobin immobilized in amesocellnlar sUiceons foams snpported room temperature ionic liquid matrix and the electrocatalytic rednction of H2O2. Electrochim Acta 53 5760-65. 

Berthod, A., Crank, J.A., Rundlett, K.I. Armstrong, D.W.(2009). Second-generation ionic liquid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization matrix for effective mass spectrometric analysis of biodegradable polymers. Rapid Commun, Mass Spectrom.Yol.23 (No.21) 3409-3422. 

Tholey, A, Zabet-Mghaddam, M. Heinzle, E. (2006). Quantification of Peptides for the Monitoring of Protease-Catalyzed Reactions by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Ionic Liquid Matrixes, Anal.Chem. Vol.78 (No.l) 291-297. 

Fukuyama, Y. Nakaya, S. Yamazaki, Y. Tanaka, K. (2008). Ionic Liquid Matrixes Optimized for MALDI-MS of Sulfated/Sialylated/Neutral Oligosaccharides and Glycopeptides. Anal. Chem., Vol.80, No.6, pp. 2171-2179... 

Laremore, T. N. Zhang, F. Linhardt, R. J. (2007). Ionic Liquid Matrix for Direct UV-MALDI-TOF-MS Analysis of Dermatan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides. Anal. Chem., Vol.79, No.4, p>p. 1604-1610... 

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