Invasion success

Blair, A.C. et al. (2006) A lack of evidence for an ecological role of the putative allelochemical (+/-)-catechin in spotted knapweed invasion success. JChem Ecol 32, 2327-2331... 

Callaway, R.M. and Ridenour, W.M. (2004) Novel weapons invasive success and the evolution of increased competitive ability. Front. Ecol Environ. 2, 436-443... 

Blair, A.C. et al. (2005) New techniques and findings in the study of a candidate allelochemical implicated in invasion success. Ecol Lett. 8,1039-1047... 

Hospital steriliza tion is more limited in the availabiHty of steriliza tion methods and of packaging materials. Microbial invasion can occur particularly when articles are wrapped in traditional fabrics such as muslin (140-thread-count cotton). The expected shelf life of hospital-wrapped and sterilized articles is considered to be ca 21—30 days when a double-wrapping technique is used. Double-wrapping requires two successive wraps, each having a layer or layers of an approved packaging material. 

Obesity is a difficult condition to treat. Dietary restriction of caloric intake is the first line therapy and is optimally combined with an exercise program to promote loss of fat relative to lean body mass (17). For the grossly obese (BMI > 40), invasive mechanical measures such as jaw wiring, gastric banding, and gastric by-pass have been attempted with at least limited success (18). 

A number of industrial applications have been described including successful subsea installation . Double layer activation has been used in the laboratory for estimation of both shape and growth of pits in stainless steel. Advantages of TLA are that (a) the concept is easily understood, (b) interpretation is relatively easy and (c) the system installation can be non-invasive. 

An intriguing environmental feature of an Eca invasion in potatoes is the change from pH 5.0 in fresh tissue to pH 8.5 in the infected tissue after 72 h. We propose that the involvement of PLs in the degradation of pectin is an evolutionary consequence of the alkalinization which inactivates PG [optimal activity for Eca PG is at pH 6.0 (unpublished results)]. Moreover, secretion of PL isoenzymes may ensure successful biological activity of Eca in diverse types of host cell walls. 

VEDs are one of the most effective treatment modalities for ED. They have a success rate of greater than 90% in obtaining an erection sufficient for coitus and are considered a first-line non-invasive therapy.13 Rigidity may be improved by using a double pump technique in which the vacuum is applied for a couple of minutes, removed, then reapplied for another few minutes. Higher efficacy rates can also be achieved by combining VEDs with other therapies. 

Many techniques ideally suited for nanostructure characterization unfortunately depend also on the substrate properties. For example, the reflectivity and conductivity of a substrate play an important role in the successful execution of the instrumental method. Hence, substrate-independent techniques are needed so that structure and/or behavior of the material can be investigated in a confined geometry, decoupled from the potentially invasive effect of the substrate-mate-rial interface. 

Lipid-associated formulations of amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) have been approved for use in proven cases of candidiasis however, patients with invasive candidiasis have also been treated successfully with amphotericin B colloid dispersion (Amphotec or Amphocil). The lipid-associated formulations are less toxic but as effective as amphotericin B deoxycholate. 

Climate change leads to shifts of species distribution ranges towards the poles (Parmesan and Yohe 2003) and influences the success of invasive species. 

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