Inulin solution properties

In this chapter we will start with a section on the raw materials used to produce HMI, the possible production methods of this product and its safety. The second section will give a short description of the solution properties of long-chain inulin and HMI. This is followed by a section on the interfacial properties of HMI at the air/liquid, liquid/liquid and solid/liquid interfaces. Particular attention will be given in describing the effectiveness of HMI as a stabilizer for various disperse systems, e.g. emulsions, nanoemulsions and latexes. The application of HMI in the formulation of emulsions, latex dispersions and nano-emulsions will be described in subsequent sections. 

Solution Properties of Long-Chain Inulin and Hydrophobically Modified Inulin (HMI)... 

In 1895 Dull,9 who was studying inulin and its products of hydrolysis, found that when either fructose or sorbose was treated with an aqueous solution of oxalic acid under pressure, a substance was obtained which had the formula CeHeOa and resembled furfural in its properties. This substance was further investigated by Kiermayer4 who found that fructose and sucrose were the best sources when they were heated with 0.3% aqueous oxalic acid at 120°. It was however only the fructose portion of the sucrose molecule which was transformed since the glucose moiety was recovered unchanged. Kiermayer prepared several derivatives of CeH Os and from its reactions concluded that its structure was probably /3-hydroxy-S-methylfurfural (III). Van Ekenstein and... 

Tabulate the following properties of dextrose, levulose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, raffinose, starch, dextrin, glycogen, inulin, and cellulose solubility in water, products formed on hydrolysis, fermentability, and action with Fehling s solution. 

The microinjection technique described by Gottschalk, Morel and Mylle (5) was applied with some minor modifications. Known volumes (10 to 25 nl) of a colored solution of buffered saline containing tritiated inulin and urate labeled with 14c were injected with a calibrated pipette into proximal or distal surface convolutions. Inulin was used as the reference substance (6) and was totally recovered in the urine of the punctured kidney after technically satisfactory microinjections. It was assumed that the injected inulin remained solely within the lumen of the tubule, i.e. the liaihinal membrane was impeinneable to inulin. It was further assumed that labeling of urate did not impair its physiological properties and that excreted 14c represented urate. 

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