Introduction to Proteins

Fibrous proteins Globular proteins Alpha-amino acids Side chains Dipeptide Peptide linkage Polypeptide Primary structure Secondary structure Alpha-helix Pleated sheet Tertiary structure Disulfide linkage Denaturation Enzymes 

The 30 elements currently known to be essential to human life 

First-row transition metals that are present in very small (trace) amounts in the human body 

Life is organized around the functions of the cell, the smallest unit in living things that exhibits the properties normally associated with life, such as reproduction, metabolism, mutation, and sensitivity to external stimuli. 

As the fundamental building blocks of all living systems, aggregates of cells form tissues, which in turn are assembled into the organs that make up complex living systems. Therefore, to understand how life is maintained and reproduced, we must learn how cells operate on the molecular level. This is the main thrust of biochemistry. 

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Robson, B. Gamier, J. 1986, Introduction to Proteins and Protein Engineering, Elsevier Amsterdam... 

C. Branden and J. Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, Garland Pubhshers, Inc., New York, 1991. 

The World Wide Web has transformed the way in which we obtain and analyze published information on proteins. What only a few years ago would take days or weeks and require the use of expensive computer workstations can now be achieved in a few minutes or hours using personal computers, both PCs and Macintosh, connected to the internet. The Web contains hundreds of sites of Interest to molecular biologists, many of which are listed in Pedro s BioMolecular Research Tools (http // www.fmi.ch/biology/research tools.html). Many sites provide free access to databases that make it very easy to obtain information on structurally related proteins, the amino acid sequences of homologous proteins, relevant literature references, medical information and metabolic pathways. This development has opened up new opportunities for even non-specialists to view and manipulate a structure of interest or to carry out amino-acid sequence comparisons, and one can now rapidly obtain an overview of a particular area of molecular biology. We shall here describe some Web sites that are of interest from a structural point of view. Updated links to these sites can be found in the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site (http // WWW.ProteinStructure.com/). 

Visit the Introduction to Protein Structure Web site http //svww.proteinstructure.com/... 

Introduction to protein structure / Carl-lvar Branden, John Tooze. -2nd ed. p. cm. 

Branden, C., and Tooze, J., 1991. Introduction to Protein Structure. New York Garland Publishing, Inc. 

Branden C, Tootz J (1991) Introduction to protein structure. Garland, New York... 

Lesk AM, (2001) Introduction to protein architecture the structural biology of proteins,Oxford... 

Branden C. And Tooze J., Introduction to protein sequence. Garland Publishing Inc., New York (USA) 1991. 

This chapter begins with an introduction to protein domains, followed by the steps usually attempted to define domains in a protein. The process begins by looking for well-known domains in the sequence using domain family databases. Then other less well-known domains are sought in the sequence using two popular methods, HMMER and PSI-BLAST. 

For examples of self-assembly in biological systems, see (a) Branden, C. Tooze, J. Introduction to Protein Structure Garland New York, 1991 (b) Fersht, A. Enzyme Structure arui Mechanism, 2nd ed. Freeman New York, 1985. See also ref. Ic. 

Branden C, Tooze J. Introduction to protein structure. New York Garland Publishing, 1991. 

F. Klink, Introduction to Protein and Peptide Analysis with Mass Spectrometry (Fullerton, CA Academy Savant, 2004), computer training Program CMSP-10. 

C. Brandon and J. Tooze, Introduction to protein structure, 2nd ed. Garland Publishing (New York and London) (1999). 

D. Voet, J. Voet, and C. Pratt, Fundamentals of Biochemistry (1999), John Wiley Sons (New York), pp. 96-107. An introduction to protein purification and analysis. 

Lesk, A M Introduction to Protein Architecture The Structural Biology of Protein, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, NY. 2000. 

Helix-turn-helix motif. Helix 2 is the recognition helix. Individual amino acids are numbered. Residues 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 15 tend to be conserved in different regulatory proteins. (From Carl Branden and John Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, 1991, p. 102.)... 

Branden, C.I. Introduction to Protein Structure. 2nd ed. Oxford Routledge, 1999. 

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