Intravaginal devices

Rajamehendran intravaginal device 17 3-estradiol/ progesterone Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Two C-shaped polymer tubes (impregnated with active substances) tied together, forming umbrella-shaped device Excellent vaginal retention not commercially available... 

Kim, S., Kengaku, K., Tanaka, T., and Kamomae, H. (2004), The therapeutic effects of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) with attached estradiol capsule on ovarian quiescence and cystic ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows,/. Reprod. Dev., 50,341-348. 

Mishell, D., Jr. Lumkin, M., Jr. Stone, S., Jr. Inhibition of ovulation with cyclic use of progestogen-impregnated intravaginal devices. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1972,113, 927-32. 

The PRID (progesterone-releasing intravaginal device), which consists of a stainless steel spiral covered with a silicone elastomer, with micronized progesterone (1.55 or 2.25 g) uniformly dispersed throughout. 

Pessaries and other intravaginal devices designed to support the bladder neck, relieve minor pelvic organ prolapse, and change pressure transmission to the urethra (e.g., Coloplast AS, Humelbaek, Denmark)... 

This section considers the design and performance of an intravaginal device for the controlled delivery of an agent that is active at the mucosal surface. The goal is to produce a delivery system that is easily self-administered and provides long-term (i.e., one month) protection against disease or unwanted pregnancy. 

P. Kiser, T. Johnson, J. Clark, N. Shelke, R. Rastogi, Intravaginal devices for drug delivery, in WO Patent App. PCT/US2012/047649, WO/2013/013172, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2012. 

Figure 15.2 Scheme of treatment with progesterone intravaginal devices. 

Intravaginal creams are semisolid preparations formulated to produce a product that is miscible with vaginal secretions. They are generally delivered to the vagina using an applicator device... 

Sandwich or reservoir-type intravaginal ring (IVR) devices have been developed to obtain zero-order drug release. 

Oral transmucosal devices, such as sprays, tablets or patches, are also simple for the patient to use and might be expected to be more acceptable to the patient than the use of pessaries or suppositories for the intravaginal and rectal delivery routes respectively. 

In addition to enzymes, the vaginal lumen is a non-sterile area inhabited by a variety of microorganisms, mainly Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as potentially pathogenic aerobesJ The existence of these microbes and their metabolites may also have a detrimental effect on the intravaginal stability of a vaginal drug delivery device. 

Fig. 5 Rabbit plasma concentration profiles of norethin-drone following the intravenous administration of a single dose (solution). Also shown is the intravaginal absorption of ethynodiol diacetate from a solution dose and from a vaginal delivery device. (From Ref. l)...

The cyclic variation in vaginal drug permeability observed in rhesus monkeys in association with the rhythmic pattern of the sexual cycle suggests that the vaginal absorption data generated in the rhesus monkeys may be more reflective of what will occur in humans. The rhesus monkey is, therefore, a good animal model for the research and development of intravaginal delivery devices. 

Chien, Y. Mares, S. Berg, J. Huber, S. Lambert, H. King, K. Controlled drug release from polymeric delivery devices. Ill in vitro-in vivo correlation of intravaginal release of ethynodiol diacetate from sihcone devices in rabbits. J. Pharm. Sci. 1975, 64, 1776. 

Intravaginal support device (pessaries and bladder neck support prostheses)... 

P. J. Burck and R. E. Zimmerman. An intravaginal contraceptive device for the delivery of an acrosin and hyaluronidase inhibitor. Fert. Ster. 47 314 (1984). 

An intravaginal suppository is more accurately termed a pessary. Most are designed for topical or local use, including for Candida albicans and Trichomonas infections, as well as for preparation of the cervix prior to induction of labour. Contraceptive devices are outside of the scope of a chapter on pharmaceutics, although the nonoxyl-containing sponge pessary is a imique formulation. 

Intravaginal drug delivery device (reservoir and matrix) Anti-HIV, hormone, acrosin inhibitor delivery [44 8] ... 

C. Gilligan, C. Passmore, Intravaginal drug delivery devices f the administration of testosterone and testosterone precursors, WO Patent App. PCT/IE1998/000,1998. 

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