Intrauterine device side effects

Cytotoxicity In women, copper-based intrauterine devices as effective contraceptives have long been used. However, an analysis of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) concluded significant efficacy and lower side effects compared to a copper T380A (intrauterine device), except for acne reported in LNG-IUS. LNG-IUS also shows improved duration of menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and haemoglobin levels [87 , 88 J. 

Mirena is a relatively new intrauterine contraceptive device that releases levonorgestrel into the uterine cavity for 5 years. Use of this contraceptive device is associated with fewer systemic progestin side effects and is at least as effective as Norplant. 

Zaffaroni, A. Special requirements for hormone releasing intrauterine devices. Meeting on Pharmacological Models to Assess Toxicity and Side Effects of Fertility Regulating Agents, Geneva, 1974 423-434. 

Thus, contraceptive counseling should be an integrated part of the preconceptional care for all women with diabetes and is described in detail in two recent reviews [37,38]. In essence, barrier methods are well suited for the well-motivated couple, but when an increased risk of user s failure can be predicted, intrauterine devices or combined oral contraceptives may be the only acceptable reversible alternative. Intrauterine devices are very efficient and without metabolic side effects and can be used on the same indications and with the same reservations as in nondiabetic women. Intrauterine devices are therefore well suited for women with diabetes, especially parous women. 

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