Intra-inter transition

At this stage, it should be remarked that the equilibrium polymerization of sulfur [59, 60] is a special case of the above intra-inter transition. A ring polymer Sg (called A.-sulfur), which is inert at room temperature, flrst opens its ring to form a linear chain carrying reactive groups on both its ends (called /r-sulfur) as the temperature is raised, and then polymerized through interchain bonding at 160°C. Since the reaction takes piace pairwisely, and the functionality / (number of active sites on a molecule) of /r-sulfur is two, the molecules form linear chains instead of three-dimensional networks. 

It should be stressed that oscillatory phenomena are well-known in biology. They span a wide range of periods, reaching from fractions of seconds (neuronal and EEG activities) and minutes (biochemical oscillators) to hours and days (circadian rhythm...). Besides these cooperative oscillations on an intra-, inter- and supercellular level, the usual oscillations on a microscopic basis (e.g. electronic transitions, intra- and intermolecular vibrations, rotational relaxation,...) must be taken into account. 

Thus, because of the acetamido groups, there are more intra- and inter-chain hydrogen bonds in 3 and 4 than in 1 and 2. Because of the polarity problem, the chitin I— II transition is also irreversible, as in the case of cellulose. 

We have characterized our equations and variables as inter- and intra-situational. In transitioning from one state to another, we can view the intersituational equations as constraining the values of the next state s variables. Viewed as constraints, we can define the looseness or tightness of the constraints that values of a state s variables place on the next state. Thus, for example, since the start-times of the units in the next state are constrained to be larger than the end-times of the same unit in the... 

In (1), Hq yields the total energy of system in which the molecules and the lattice are excited, yet there are no interactions between molecules and the lattice. The transfer of an electron from site m to site n is given by //j. Polaronic effects, i.e., effects due to the interaction of the electronic excitation and the lattice, are given by H2 and H. hi H2, the energy of the site is reduced by the interaction with the lattice vibration. In H, the lattice vibration alters the transition probability amplitude from site m to n. The term lattice vibration may refer to inter-molecular or intra-molecular vibrations. Static disorder effects are considered in H4, which describes the changes to the site energy or transition probabihty amplitude by variations in the structure of the molecular sohd. 

A distinctive feature of the O2 and S2 luminescence spectra in minerals is a quasi-linear vibrational structure of the broad luminescence band (Tarash-chan 1978). The O2 and S2 molecular ions are isoelectronic. From the molecular orbital diagram describing their electron structure the emission transition Eg- n l2 is determined. When observing luminescence spectra at 77 K, a fine structure associated with the frequency of intra-molecular vibrations of O2 and S2 is detected. This frequency depends on the type of the molecular ion, on inter-nuclear distance and upon the particular position of the molecular ion in the structures. For S2 the maximum of the emission band lies within the range of 600-700 nm with a mean vibration frequency of 500-600 cm , while for O2 the respective maximum is 450-550 nm with a frequency in the 800-1,200 cm range. 

DSC studies have shown that modification alters thermal transition temperatures and the overall enthalpy (AHgei) associated with gelatinization (Tables 10.13 and 10.14). Upon hydroxypropylation, the reactive groups introduced into the starch chains are capable of disrupting the inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds, leading to an increase in accessibility by water that lowers... 

The copolymer approach is interesting, but it does not lead to a direct answer concerning the intra- and inter molecular contributions to the cooperative nature of the /3 transition motions of BPA-PC. This discussion is postponed until later on in this section, after considering the information provided by the whole set of experimental and atomistic modelling investigations. 

From the various experimental investigations, it is clear that carbonate motions, as well as phenyl ring motions, are involved in the mechanical p transition of BPA-PC. The intermolecular contribution has been evidenced by several authors and the cooperative character of the motions has been pointed out. However, neither of the considered techniques can provide detailed information about the nature of intra- or inter-cooperativity occurring in the glassy state. 

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed [33] and validated for the determination of donepezil in human plasma samples. Diphenhydramine was used as the IS. The collision-induced transition m/z 380 > 91 was used to analyze donepezil in selected reaction monitoring mode. The signal intensity of the m/z 380 —> 91 transition was found to relate linearly with donepezil concentrations in plasma from 0.1 to 20.0 ng/ml. The lower limit of quantification of the LC/MS/MS method was 0.1 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precisions were below 10.2% and the accuracy was between 2.3% and +2.8%. The validated LC/MS/MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which healthy Chinese volunteers each received a single oral dose of 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride. The non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model was used to fit the donepezil plasma concentration-time curve. Maximum plasma concentration was... 

---