Interpenetrating polymer networks mechanical behavior

Huelck, V. Thomas, D.A. Sperling, L.H. Interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate). I. Morphology via electron microscopy and II. Physical and mechanical behavior. Macromolecules 1972, 5 (4), 340-348. 

Donatelli, A.A. Sperling, L.H. Thomas, D.A. Interpenetrating polymer networks based on SBR/PS. 1. Control of morphology by level of crosslinking and 2. Influence of synthetic detail and morphology on mechanical behavior. Macromolecules 1976, 9 (4), 671, 676. 

Kim HK, Wang XS, Fujita Y, Sudo A, Nishida H, Fujii M, Endo T. 2005a. Photo mechanical switching behavior of semi interpenetrating polymer network consisting of azobenzene carrying crosslinked poly(vinyl ether) and polycarbonate. Macromol Rapid Commun 26 1032 1036. 

The second part, Chapters 2-9, is concerned with polymer blends, including mechanical blends, graft copolymers, block copolymers, ionomers, and interpenetrating polymer networks. The development of most chapters proceeds from synthesis to morphology, and then shows how morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behavior of the finished material. The most exciting development of the past decade, the electron microscope studies of the details of phase separation, is emphasized. 

A. A. Donatelli, Morphology and Mechanical Behavior of Poly(butadiene-costyrene)/Poly-styrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Diss. Abstr. Int. B. 36(5), 2369 (1975). SBR/PS IPNs. Ph.D. thesis. 

A. A. Donatelli, L. H. Sperling, and D. A. Thomas, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on SBR/PS. 2. Influence of Synthetic Detail and Morphology on Mechanical Behavior, Macromolecules 9(4), 676 (1976). SBR/Polystyrene IPN. Mechanical Properties. 

V. Huelck, D. A. Thomas and L. H. Sperling, Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(ethyl acrylate) and Poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate). II. Physical and Mechanical Behavior, Macromolecules 5(4), 348 (1972). PEA/PS, PEA/PMMA sequential IPNs. Mechanical behavior, Tg. 

S. C. Kim, D. Klempner, K. C. Frisch, H. L. Frisch, and H. Ghiradella, Polyurethane-Polystyrene Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, Polym. Eng. Sci. 15(5), 339 (1975). Polystyrene/polyurethane SINs. Phase Separation. Tg and mechanical behavior. 

L. H. Sperling and D. W. Friedman, Synthesis and Mechanical Behavior of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Poly(ethyl acrylate) and Polystyrene, J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7, 425 (1969). Synthesis of sequential IPNs. Modulus-temperature behavior. Modulus-composition behavior. 

L. H. Sperling, V. Huelck, and D. A. Thomas, Morphology and Mechanical Behavior of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, in Polymer Networks Structure Mechanics and Properties, A. J. Chompff and S. Newman, eds.. Plenum, New York (1971). PEA/PS and PEA/PMMA sequential IPNs. Glass transitions. 

G. M. Yenwo, Synthesis, characterization, and Behavior of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Solution Graft Copolymers Based on Castor Oil and Polystyrene, Diss. Abstr. Int. B 37(11), 5788, (1977). Castor oil-urethane/PS sequential IPNs. Synthesis, morphology, glass transitions, mechanical properties. Ph.D. thesis. 

Interpenetrating Polymer Networks IV. Mechanical Behavior, Polym. Eng. Sci. 17(4), 251 (1977). Castor oil-urethane/PS IPNs. Glass transition and mechanical behavior ... 

K. C. Jajam, S. A. Bird, M. L. Auad and FI. V. Tippur, Development and Characterization of a PU-PMMA Transparent Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (t-IPNs), in Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, ed. T. Proulx, Springer, New York, 2011, pp. 117-121. 

The Takayanagi Models Most polymer blends, blocks, grafts, and interpenetrating polymer networks are phase-separated. Frequently one phase is elastomeric, and the other is plastic. The mechanical behavior of such a system can be represented by the Takayanagi models (6). Instead of the arrays of springs and dashpots, arrays of rubbery (R) and plastic (P) phases are indicated (see Figure 10.6) (7). The quantities A and

indicated multiplications indicate volume fractions of the materials. 

Bartolotta A., Di Marco G., Lanza M., Carini G, D Angelo G., Tripodo G., Fainleib A., Danilenko L, Sergeeva L. Mechanical behavior of polycyanurate-polymethane sequential full-interpenetrating polymer networks. J. Non-Crystal. Solid, 307-310, 698-704 (2002). 

MORPHOLOGY AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS... 

N. Devia, J. A. Manson, L. H. Sperling, and A. Conde, Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene. V. Behavioral Trends and Analysis, J. Appl Polym. Sci. 24, 569 (1979). Castor oil-polyester/polystyrene SINs. Morphology and mechanical behavior. 

P. R. Scarito and L. H. Sperling, Effect of Grafting on Phase Volume Fraction, Composition, and Mechanical Behavior, Epoxy/Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks, Polym. Eng. Sci. 19, 297 (1979). Epoxy/poly(n-butyl acrylate) SINs. Synthesis, morphology, mechanical behavior. Molecular mixing, effect on Tg in each phase. 

L. H. Sperling, Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Blends, Blocks, Grafts, and Interpenetrating Networks, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 60,175 (1977). Review of polymer blends, grafts, blocks, and IPNs. Mechanical behavior and morphology. 

---