International supply chain

The value chain in the study focuses on the company internal value creation in the primary activities consistent to the company-internal supply chain structures by Meyr et al. (2004) and Rohde et al. (2000) as illustrated in fig. 6. 

REACH seeks to address universal challenges on the lack of risk data and the poor quality of many safety data sheets (SDS). With its dominant role in the global chemicals market, the EU could be ideally situated for propagating change through international supply chains. Even the prospect of REACH has already catalysed change within the chemical industry. 

Verification of supplier compliance with a company s code of conduct is particularly important to international supply chains. And who will pay for introducing new methods of verification is again a big issue to suppliers. 

The company-internal supply chain comprises the core processes source, make, and deliver (Fig. 1, upper). Each of these core processes focuses on different logistic objectives. These objectives create a field of tension between the logistic performance and logistic costs (Fig. 1, middle). Moreover, the objectives to some extent both contradict and complement one another. Finding an optimum within this field of... 

Houlihan, J. (1987). International supply chain man-a%era.er. IntemationalJournalofPhysicalDistribu-tion and Materiak Management, 17(2), 51-66. 

Houlihan, J. (1995). International supply chain management. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 75(1), 22-38. 

Levy, D. 1997. Lean production in an international supply chain. Sloan Management Review. 28(2) 94-101. 

Houlihan JB (1985) International supply chain management. Int J Phy Distrib Mater Manag 15(l) 22-38... 

Next wave of globalization has changed traditional regional division of labor in international supply chains. 

Maturity level Qualities 1 Enterprise integration II Internal supply chain management (corporate excellence) III Collaboration with selected partners IV V Collaborative supply Supply network chain management connectivity (value adding)... 

Model None Internal supply chain Extended enterprise Global market... 

Internal supply chain management (corporate excellence)... 

In recent years, the question of how to ensure process continuity in relationships between supplier and customer has been getting more attention in academic discussion and commercial practice. This is due to a significant increase in levels of risk, in particular in international supply chains. The main reasons for this increase are the following ... 

Risk management takes human and cultural factors into account. International supply chains in particular require the analysis of human and cultural factors. 

When discussing these limitations, associated with little interest in social capital on the basis of the theory and practice of supply chain management, it is worth analysing all dimensions of social capital affecting supply chain management. This means that it is necessary to refer to both the macroeconomic approach to social capital, wherein it constitutes external conditioning of supply chain operation, and the microeconomic approach (social capital of the supply chain itself and individual companies), in which social capital forms a part of internal supply chain potential. 

It is necessary to use both a macroeconomic and a microeconomic approach to social capital. All dimensions of social capital affect supply chain management. Social capital in macroeconomic perspective constitutes external conditions of supply chain operations. A microeconomic perception of social capital refers to the social capital of the supply chain itself and individual companies. It forms a part of internal supply chain potential. Social capital seems to be a binder of supply chain initiatives. Due to its large scale and the strength of its impact one should consider social capital as one of the factors influencing the selection of supply chain configuration with costs of operation and perspectives for future development in mind. 

In order to reach a standard description of the process elements making up the internal supply chain, the processes plan, source, make, deliver, and return are considered as depicted in Fig. 9.10. These five categories are based on the supply chain operations reference model (SCOR). They identify the processes a supply chain requires to support the target of the customer orders (SCOR 10.0) (Stewart 1997). 

Improving quality and ecological sustainability of natural resources in international supply chains The role of market-based incentives 333... 

Trienekens, J.H., A.J.M. Beulens, J.M. Hagen and S.W.E Omta, 2003. Innovation through international supply chain development a research agenda. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 6(1). 

In order to facihtate communications between software used by internal supply chain partners, multinational companies have tried very hard, but generally unsuccessfully, to standardize computer systems. The emergence of the Internet protocol has helped the interaction between powerful supply chain systems such as i2, Manugistics, Ariba, Oracle and SAP R/3 to name a few. The rigour and problems related to the vahdation process still remain. In spite of the complexity and regulatory requirements, or perhaps because of it, the healthcare industry remains a huge untapped market for e-supply chain. A recent study carried out in the USA by Efficient Healthcare Consumer Response (EHCR) consortium showed that the healthcare industry could reduce its overall supply chain costs by over US 11 billion (48 per cent of the current process cost) through the efficient application of collaborative e-supply chains. 

Much like the internal supply chain, the entire supply chain, including any number of suppliers, subcontractors, and competence partners, learns about current market changes at the same time (Fig. 17). 

Take another look at our performance Y (Fig. 21). It schematically represents the throughput of orders and materials, i.e. the internal supply chain, in your enterprise. 

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