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Indirect internal-reforming fuel cell

Kim H, Cho JH, Lee KS (2013) Detailed dynamic modeling of a molten carbonate fuel cell stack with indirect internal reformers. Euel Cells 13 259-269... [Pg.74]

Developers of internal reforming fuel cells have generally adopted one of two approaches, and these are usually referred to as direct (DIR) and indirect (HR) internal reforming. They are illustrated schematically in Figure 8.4. In some cases, a combination of both approaches has been taken. A thermodynamic analysis and comparison of the two approaches to internal reforming in the MCFC has been completed by Freni and Maggio... [Pg.246]

Aguiar, P., Chadwick, D. and Kershenbaum, L. (2002) Modelling of an indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell, Chemical Engineering Science 57, 1665-1677. [Pg.179]

Nishino, T., Iwai, H. and Suzuki, K. (2006) Comprehensive numerical modeling and analysis of a cell-based indirect internal reforming tubular SOFC, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, 33 14. [Pg.181]

The indirect internal reformer (HR) is situated within the cell stack in separate reforming channels, where only the reforming reaction takes place. This concept features energetic coupling with the exothermic oxidation process. The main advantage is that no external heat exchanger is required, as the separator plate between HR and anode channel fulfills this function. The HR can be seen as an external reformer operating at fuel cell temperature. [Pg.50]

Autothermal or steam reforming of methane was considered in thermodynamic calculations by Cavallaro and Freni for reformers, which were integrated into a molten carbonate fuel cell [43]. Direct or indirect internal reforming is possible within the molten carbonate fuel cell. The reforming may be performed either by the anode itself or by a dedicated catalyst in the anode compartment in analogy with the solid oxide fuel cell, as has been explained above. Direct reforming of alcohol fuels is also possible in molten carbonate fuel cells [44], whereas processing of liquid hydrocarbons requires a pre-reformer. [Pg.16]

Pfafferodt M, Heidebrecht P, Sundmacher K, Wuerteirbeiger U, Bednatz M (2008) Multiscale Simulation of the Indirect Internal Reforming Unit (HR) in a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC). Ind Eng Chem Res 47 4332- 341... [Pg.74]

Freni S, Aquino M, Passalacqua E (1994) Molten carbonate fuel cell with indirect internal reforming. J Power Sources 52 41-47... [Pg.74]

Miyazaki M, Okada T, Ide H, Matsumoto S, Shinoki T, Ohtsuki J (1992) Development of an indirect internal reforming molten carbonate fuel cell stack. In Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 27th(3), vol 3. 287-3.292... [Pg.74]

Reforming As discussed, since the MCFC produces waste heat and steam at the anode like the SOFC and can use CO as fuel, an excellent opportunity exists for internal reformation of the fuel gas. There are two types of internal reformation practiced, indirect internal reformation (IRR) and direct internal reformation (DIR). In IRR, the fuel gas is mixed with water vapor, heated inside the stack with waste heat, and reformed over a catalyst bed into a hydrogen-CO mixture. The reformed mixture then enters the active fuel cell area. In DIR, the fuel gas is reformed directly in the active area flow fields. Although the DIR approach is more compact and can theoretically be used to remove a significant portion of the waste heat from the stack, IRR allows the use of different catalysts specifically for reformation, prolonging system life [32]. [Pg.396]

In indirect internal reforming, a separate catalyst, which reforms the hydrocarbon fuel to synthesis gas, is integrated within the SOFC stack upstream of the anode. The heat from the exothermic fuel cell reaction is still utilised. Figure 12.10 shows schematically the reaction pathways in an SOFC with... [Pg.341]

Internal reforming of the fuel can either be achieved indirectly using a separate fuel reforming catalyst within the SOFC stack, or directly on the anode. This is shown schematically in Figure 12.2. Internal reforming of the fuel within the SOFC stack is preferred, since this both increases the operational efificiency to well above that of low-temperature fuel cells and reduces the complexity of the system, hence reducing cost [1-3]. Thus fuel processing has been and continues... [Pg.333]


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