Internal locus of control

To benefit from mentoring relationships, mentees also need to display a range of characteristics and behaviours that enable this to happen. These include an internal locus of control and its behavioural manifestation of taking charge of the mentoring relationship. Furthermore, an interest in developing themselves and the ability to respect confidential information are also important. 

Need for feedback Need for achievement Strong commitment Internal locus of control... 

Internal locus of control. A belief by individuals that they are in control of their future and that other external forces will have little or no influence. 

Support internal locus of control such that users are always the initiators of actions rather than the reactors to computer actions. 

Gidron, Y., R. Gal and H. S. Desevilya (2003). Internal locus of control moderates die effects of road-hostility on recalled driving behavior. Transportation Res. F, 6,109-116. 

Personal control is the feeling that "I am in control." Rotter (1966) used the term locus cf control to refer to a general outlook regarding the location of forces controlling a person s life—internal or external. Those with an internal locus of control believe they usually have direct personal control over significant life events as a result of their knowledge, skill, and abilities. They believe they are captain of their life s ship. 

Personal control has been one of the most researched individual difference dimensions in psychology. Since Rotter developed the first measure of this construct in 1966, more than 2000 studies have investigated the relationship between perceptions of personal control and other variables (Hunt, 1993). Internals are more achievement-oriented and health conscious than externals. They are less prone to distress and more likely to seek medical treatment when they need it (Nowicki and Strickland, 1973 Strickland, 1989). In addition, having an internal locus of control helps reduce chronic pain, facilitates psychological and physical adjustment to illness and surgery, and hastens recovery from some diseases (Taylor, 1991). Internals perform better at jobs that allow them to set their own pace, whereas externals work better when a machine controls the pace (Eskew and Riche, 1982 Phares, 1991). 

Wheeless et al. (1982) identified two beneficial levels of satisfaction in interpersonal relationships independence and involvement. Independence refers to an internal locus of control in group decision making and group involvement reflects the level of interpersonal concern, respect, and warmth present in the group. 

Some studies have measured subjects locus of control and then observed the probability of actively caring behavior in a bystander intervention trial. Another study manipulated subjects perceptions of personal confrol prior to observing their actively caring behaviors. The field study discussed in the previous section by Bierhoff et al. (1991) foimd more active caring at vehicle-crash scenes by bystanders with an internal locus of control. 

Locus of Control The tendency of individuals to ascribe events to external or internal causes, which affects the degree of control that they perceive they have over these events. (See also Externals and Internals.)... 

Locus of control, a familiar paradigm in psychology, has been usefully adopted by O Brien and Permutter (1997) and Sprenger and Josephson (1998) to describe that particular point, or locus, in the mind of the child and the family, from which emanates the power to alleviate symptoms. External and internal forces combine to shape the final location, but the clinician is wise to remember that this is a dynamic, organic concept that evolves over the growth of the alliance. 

Write a short essay that explores two specific instances in your life, one when you went along with the crowd and the other when you went your own way. Consider the outcomes of both cases. Were the results favorable to you Describe the ways in which the instances are or are not representative of the way you now generally handle such situations. Do you believe you have largely internal or external locus of control If you could change this aspect of your personality, would you, how, and why ... 

The discussion below will focus on the relevance of some of the personality-type characteristics that have been linked to crash involvement. The personality concepts that have been studied in the context of driving include accident proneness, risk taking and sensation seeking, aggression, and perceptual style. Although each of these concepts is described separately, it is important to note that various specific personality characteristics are interrelated. For example, Malta et ol. (2005) demonstrated that aggressive drivers can be characterized by multiple distinct medical disorders such as Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders, Conduct Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. There are also other personality traits that have been linked to driving and will not be discussed here. These include extroversion (the tendency to attend to external events rather than focus internally) (Smith and Kirkham, 1981) and externally-oriented locus of control (the tendency not to assume responsibility for events that happen to a person) (Mayer and Treat, 1977). 

HEK-293 hGH High-Five hsp70 HSV IPTG IRES kb Lac LCR LoxP LUC MCS human embryonic kidney cells human growth hormone TM BTI-TN-5B1-4 (cell line derived from the insect Trichoplusia ni) heat shock protein 70 herpes simplex virus isopropyl 1 -thio-fi-D-galactopyranoside internal ribosomal entry site kilobases lactose operon/repressor locus control region locus of crossover of PI luciferase isolated from firefly multiple cloning site... 

Fig. 4. Diagram of the tryptophan operon plus two neighboring genes. The gene designations for both E. coli and S. typhimurium are given. The supX locus has not been identified in E. coli. Controlling elements PI, the promoter associated with the operator 0, the operator P2, the low-efficiency internal promoter. Enzymes AS-I, anthianilate synthetase component I PRT, phosphoribosyl transferase (AS-II, anthianilate synthetase component II) PRAI, phosphoribosyl anthianilate isomerase InGPS, indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase TS-a, tryptophan synthetase a-chain TS-)S, tryptophan synthetase j8-chain. RUM, region of unusual mutations in S. typhimurium.

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