Internal level, discrepancy

The three causes of the discrepancy between the external level and the internal level are... 

Even though well-characterized at a biophysical level, the mechanical transduction mechanism of hair cells is still not fully understood in molecular terms. This discrepancy is in part due to the extreme scarcity of hair cells instead of the millions or even hundreds of millions of receptor cells that the olfactory and visual systems possess, only a few tens of thousands of hair cells are found in the internal ears of most vertebrate species. The small number of hair cells and the direct transduction mechanism has greatly impeded molecular biological and... 

The assessment and quantification of the remaining reserves and resources of fossil fuels is a very complex and broad field, characterised by a lack of internationally harmonised definitions and standards, great data uncertainties and discrepancies and, consequently, the potential danger of data abuse for political purposes. Within the scope of this publication, only an overview of the range of the currently available estimates of fossil resources is provided and the focus is rather on the general discussion of potential sources of uncertainty, than on a detailed assessment of the different methodological and statistical approaches and discrepancies at country or even field level. 

Whether the monitoring of endoxifen plasma concentrations in breast cancer patients would constitute a valid approach to optimize individual dosage and improve treatment efficacy is under scrutiny and remains to be demonstrated. In that purpose large prospective studies relating endoxifen plasma levels to clinical outcomes are as yet needed. In this perspective, it is critical to settle analytical and selectivity discrepancies between methods and laboratories and to ensure reproducible quantification results between laboratories. These concerted harmonization efforts can be carried out within the frame of an international external quality control program, which as yet, remains to be organized. 

Migchels et al. have evaluated the effect of interaction with a proton-donating water or methanol molecule upon the internal vibrational frequencies of a number of imines. These perturbations are reported in Table 3.61 at the SCF/6-31G level and indicate first that the red shift of the hydroxyl group of methanol is quite a bit larger than that of water. This discrepancy may be due to the symmetric nature of the water molecule which thoroughly mixes the two O—H stretches into a symmetric and asymmetric pair. The frequency chosen by the authors as a reference point for water is 4145 cm quite distinct from the 4032 cm of the purer O—H stretch in CH OH. Nonetheless, the large shifts in the methanol com-... 

Dependences of length of cooling zone on annular flow rate Wa that is experimentally received (curve 1, Fig. 4.6) and calculated by equation (4.7) (curve 2, Fig. 4.6) are presented in Fig. 4.6. It is obvious that at low rates of annular flow (of coolant) significant discrepancy between experimental and calculated values of Lcooi is observed. At the same time at high w this discrepancy is reduced and at coolant movement rate about 350 cmVsec calculated Lcooi coincides with experimental. Heat transfer coefficient will be totally determined by coefficient of heat emission of cooling internal flow ai due to the fact that when Wa is increased the value of az is risen (because turbulence level of annular flow is increased). Thus, the equation (4.7) can be transformed with consideration of following conditions ... 

The first two questions refer to internal conveigence criteria, while the third is an external criterion. It is only when the reliability of the theoretical method has been established that it will have predictive value. At that point, theory can be used with confidence to obtain information about hydrogen-bonded complexes which cannot be obtained experimentally, to resolve discrepancies between conflicting experimental data, and to challenge experimental results in those cases for which discrepancies exist between theory and experiment. Studies carried out at converged levels of theory also serve as benchmarks for studies on larger systems, where size precludes such an exhaustive investigation. 

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