Internal energy storage

Xppip pp o poly-hydroxy-alkanoates stored as a cell-internal energy storage pool in phosphate-... 

When a themally expansible homogeneous isotropic elastic continuum is deformed iso thermally the mechanical work done on the body is partly stored as internal energy partly converted to heat. In the range of strain up to about 10 percent (which is typical of natural rubber) the internal energy storage exceeds the work done so that heat must be added to the sample. Beyond the strain of 10 percent heat is increasingly liberated. An equivalent statement conveys the information that if the sample be stretched adiabatically there is an initial temperature drop then subsequent rise. 

G. H. Bribnyer and R. Hammann, "A Turn-Key System for Battery Based Energy Management," Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of EPRJ, NEDO, REWAG—Batteries for Utility Energy Storage, Newport Beach, Calif., July 1989. 

The inclusion of internal viscosity raises considerably the free-energy storage capacity of a rapidly deforming macromolecule as compared to the idealized Hookean spring model and could play a decisive role in mechanochemical reactivity in transient elongational flow. 

Table 3 shows some physicochemical properties used as international GA quality parameters, for example moisture, total ash content, volatile matter and internal energy, with reference to gums taken from Acacia Senegal species in Sudan (FAO, 1990, Larson Bromley, 1991). The physicochemical properties of GA may vary depending on the origin and age of trees, the exudation time, the storage type, and climate. The moisture content facilitates the solubility of GA carbohydrate hydrophilic and hydrophobic proteins. The total ash content is used to determine the critical levels of foreign matter, insoluble matter in... 

Morofsky, E., 1997. Seasonal Cold Storage Building and Process Applications A Standard Design Option MEGASTOCK 97 Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Thermal Energy Storage, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 1009-1014. 

Setterwall, R, 2002. Advanced Thermal Energy Storage through Applications of Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions Feasibility Studies and Demonstration Projects, International Energy Agency (IEA), Annex 17. 

Figure 231. Indirect thermal energy storage by the conversion of thermal energy into work (Si entropy production due to internal irreversibilities, Q and S waste heat and entropy of the converter, Ta ambient temperature, W work)...

Summarizing the above, it may be stated that activated carbons and pseudocapacitive materials in EC electrode structure are responsible for the energy storage parameters (specific energy), while non-active highly conductive carbon additives are responsible for the electrode internal resistance (EC specific power). 

S. Dietz, V. Nquyen, in Proceedings of the 11th International Seminar on DLC and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Dec. 3-5, 2001, Deerfield Beach, FL, USA. 

Burke AF, Miller M. Characteristics and Applications of Advanced Ultracapacitors. Proceedings of the 12th International Seminar on Double Layer Capacitors and Similar Energy Storage Devices, Deerfield Beach, Florida, USA, Dec. 9-11, 2002. 

Andresen, A.F., and A.J. Maeland, Hydrides for energy storage, Proceedings of an International Symposium, Geilo, Pergamon Press, New York, August 14-19,1977. 

---