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Internal charge compensation

The drug designer may do well to provide internal charge compensation, rather than to seek a salt formulation when faced with a strongly cationic or anionic drug candidate. A good example of this ploy comes from the work... [Pg.72]

An internally charge compensated class of cyanine dyes are the dipyr-romethene difluoroborates shown in Figure 2. (2) Highly fluorescent symmetric dipyrromethenes are commercially available as biological probes (3) and laser dyes (4). Derivatives that are soluble in either organic (R2 = alkyl) or aqueous media... [Pg.114]

In either case, the resultant negative charge generated by electron accumulation at the internal surfaces has to be balanced by cations (from the electrolyte phase) for charge compensation. Such ion insertion reactions have been studied using techniques such as voltammetry, reflectance or absorption spectroscopy, chronoamper-ometry and electrochemical quartz-crystal microgravimetry [329, 332-336]. Both aqueous and aprotic electrolytes have been deployed for these studies. [Pg.2703]

The natural zeolite community has followed a different path towards a systematisation of its nomenclature. An historically-determined nomenclature in which the crystal structure, the nature of the charge-compensating cation and some thermal properties were taken into account in a non-systematic manner [41] has been replaced by a nomenclature in accordance with the rules of the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) [42], in which both the structure and composition of the mineral are considered. This has led to a substantial increase... [Pg.3]

Wang, Q. Internal structirre and charge compensation of polyelectrolyte multilayers a numerical study. Soft Matter 5, 413-424 (2009)... [Pg.340]

In addition to internal charge transport in transient cases the external current can also be compensated by dielectric effects (displacement current by local polarization). This transient charging current is characterized by electrical capacitances. They are considered in more detail in Section 7.3.3. Capacitive effects (charge storage) are generally responsible for time dependences. Apart from dielectric effects, storage phenomena can also occur if the stoichiometry changes by virtue of the current flow. Such chemical capacitances (see Section 6.7.4) will be treated in more detail in Section 7.3.4 (cf. also Section 7.4). [Pg.403]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.72 ]




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Charge compensation

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