Interest translation

The direction of planes in a lattice is described in a manner that, at first sight, seems rather strange but which is, in fact, derived directly from standard techniques in 3-D geometry. In essence, the unit cell is drawn and the plane of interest translated until it intercepts all three axes within the unit cell but as far away from the origin as possible. The point of intersection of the plane with the axes then determines the label given to the plane if the intersection takes place at a fraction (1 jh) of the a-axis, jk) of the fc-axis and (1/0 of the c-axis, then the plane is referred to as the hkl) plane . As indicated, this apparently rather strange method arises because if the axes a, A, c of the unit cell are mutually perpendicular, and of equal length, then the equation of any point x, y, z in the (hkl) plane can always be written ... 

Encouraged by the promising results achieved in other tumor types (4-6), in the early 1990s we hypothesized that locally advanced breast cancer could also be treated by primary concurrent chemoradiation (chemo-RT). Moreover, LABC could be a clinical setting to conduct interesting translational research. A series of observations justified this position ... 

My interpretation here runs counter to Latour s general theory of interest translation (Latour 1987 108-121 1988 65-67), In this case, interested groups like the Environmental Defense Fund and the Association of Analytical Chemists were purposefully not translated. Here we see how the absence of an association in this particular context became the mechanism that funneled power into the EMS actor-network. ... 

Bloch functions also have interesting translational properties in the reciprocal space, which can be investigated by considering a new point h = k - - K, obtained by a translation of the wave vector k by any reciprocal lattice vector K (Eq. [4]), and then applying Eq. [8] to the corresponding Bloch function (r h). By comparison with Eq. [8] and with Eq. [3], it is evident that (r h) exhibits the same translational properties as (r k)... 

In other words, the four equations of motion obtained for the entire system using H turn out to be the same as the two equations of motion obtained from the H function and the two equations of motion obtained from the H" function. This comes about because the vibration of the system, which is motion in the r-direction, does not affect and is not affected by the translation of the system, which is motion in the s-direction. Therefore, H alone is sufficient if only internal motion mechanics are of interest translational motion of the system is uncoupled or separated from the internal motion of vibration. 

All gases below their critical temperature tend to adsorb as a result of general van der Waals interactions with the solid surface. In this case of physical adsorption, as it is called, interest centers on the size and nature of adsorbent-adsorbate interactions and on those between adsorbate molecules. There is concern about the degree of heterogeneity of the surface and with the extent to which adsorbed molecules possess translational and internal degrees of freedom. 

A system of interest may be macroscopically homogeneous or inliomogeneous. The inliomogeneity may arise on account of interfaces between coexisting phases in a system or due to the system s finite size and proximity to its external surface. Near the surfaces and interfaces, the system s translational synnnetry is broken this has important consequences. The spatial structure of an inliomogeneous system is its average equilibrium property and has to be incorporated in the overall theoretical stnicture, in order to study spatio-temporal correlations due to themial fluctuations around an inliomogeneous spatial profile. This is also illustrated in section A3.3.2. 

The nematic to smectic A phase transition has attracted a great deal of theoretical and experimental interest because it is tire simplest example of a phase transition characterized by tire development of translational order [88]. Experiments indicate tliat tire transition can be first order or, more usually, continuous, depending on tire range of stability of tire nematic phase. In addition, tire critical behaviour tliat results from a continuous transition is fascinating and allows a test of predictions of tire renonnalization group tlieory in an accessible experimental system. In fact, this transition is analogous to tire transition from a nonnal conductor to a superconductor [89], but is more readily studied in tire liquid crystal system. 

The A B2u — X Aig system of benzene (see Section 7.3.1.3), shown in Figure 7.42, is a particularly interesting one. It is electronically forbidden, since 52 is not the symmetry species of a translation (see Table A.36 in Appendix A) therefore (/ g)eq is zero and the Oq band is not observed. All the intensity derives from the second term on the right-hand side of Equation (7.131) and most of it through the U2g vibration Vg. Since... 

A potentially general method of identifying a probe is, first, to purify a protein of interest by chromatography (qv) or electrophoresis. Then a partial amino acid sequence of the protein is deterrnined chemically (see Amino acids). The amino acid sequence is used to predict likely short DNA sequences which direct the synthesis of the protein sequence. Because the genetic code uses redundant codons to direct the synthesis of some amino acids, the predicted probe is unlikely to be unique. The least redundant sequence of 25—30 nucleotides is synthesized chemically as a mixture. The mixed probe is used to screen the Hbrary and the identified clones further screened, either with another probe reverse-translated from the known amino acid sequence or by directly sequencing the clones. Whereas not all recombinant clones encode the protein of interest, reiterative screening allows identification of the correct DNA recombinant. 

If an antibody to the protein of interest is available, it is sometimes possible to use vector sequences, eg, the beta-galactosidase promoter sequence, to direct the transcription of the passenger DNA into messenger RNA and the translation of that mRNA into protein which can be recognized by the antibody. Although this method is somewhat less reHable than the use of nucleic acid probes, specialized vectors are available for this purpose. 

If money is borrowed, interest must be paid over the time period if money is loaned out, interest income is expected to accumulate. In other words, there is a time value associated with the money. Before money flows from different years can be combined, a compound interest factor must be employed to translate all of the flows to a common present time. The present is arbitrarily assumed often it is either the beginning of the venture or start of production. If future flows are translated backward toward the present, the discount factor is of the form (1 + i) , where i is the annual discount rate in decimal form (10% = 0.10) and n is the number of years involved in the translation. If past flows are translated in a forward direction, a factor of the same form is used, except that the exponent is positive. Discounting of the cash flows gives equivalent flows at a common time point and provides for the cost of capital. 

Since air is a mixture of predominantly nitrogen, oxygen, and a host of lesser impurities, there has been less interest in developing precise thermodynamic properties. The only recent correlation of thermodynamic properties is that published by Vasserman, et al. (Barouch, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1970), and is based on the principle of corresponding states because of the scarcity of experimental data. 

The editors of the German edition of the Handbook of Cathodic Corrosion Protection would like to express their cordial thanks to Gulf Publishing Company for their keen interest in the translation of this work. We are sure the English edition will promote a better exchange of experience in the field of corrosion protection, particularly with respect to problems of global safety and environment. 

Caleulation of the payout period does not, however, take into aeeount the underlying eeonomies of eash flow. The interest ealeulated in Table 4-9 is the interest for the first year. Deelining interest over time direetly translate to inereased eash flow. To illustrate this situation, assume the useful life of this projeet is the same 15 years used for depreeiation. 

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