Intercalation compounds layered

For intercalated layer compounds, particularly, it is easy to calculate the upper limit of composition as well as the periodicity length along the c-axis. As follows from Table 16, the apparent thickness of the reactant layers is always slightly... 

The PES measurements arc performed with reference to the Fermi level of the photoclectron spectrometer, in solid specimens, as dealt with here, by the way the spectroscopy works. Thus, in cases when the Fermi level shifts due to some chemical modifications of the sample, i.e., in the intercalation of graphite or other layered compound [16] or in the doping of conjugated polymers 1171, il is necessary to account for the change in the Fermi energy level before interpreting spec-... 

Tributsch H (1982) Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion Involving Transition Metal d-States and Intercalation of Layer Compounds. 49 127-175 Truter MR (1973) Structures of Organic Complexes with Alkali Metal Ions. 16 71-111 Tytko KH, Mehmke J, Kurad D (1999) Bond Length-Bond Valence Relationships, With Particular Reference to Polyoxometalate Chemistry. 93 1-64 Tytko KH (1999) A Bond Model for Polyoxometalate Ions Composed of M06 Octahedra (MOk Polyhedra with k > 4). 93 65-124... 

Balkanski M, Kambas K, Julien C, Hammerberg J, Schleich D (1981) Optical and transport measmements on Lithium intercalated a-ln2Se3 layered compounds. Sohd State Ionics 5 387-390... 

Tributsch, H. Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion Involving Transition Metal d-States and Intercalation of Layer Compounds. Vol. 49, pp. 127-175. 

Furthermore, it is often possible to extract from the structural analysis of solid solvates a significant information on solvation patterns and their relation to induced structural polymorphism. An interesting illustration has been provided by crystal structure determinations of solvated 2,4-dichloro-5-carboxy-benzsulfonimide (5)35). This compound contains a large number of polar functions and potential donors and acceptors of hydrogen bonds and appears to have only a few conformational degrees of freedom associated with soft modes of torsional isomerism. It co-crystallizes with a variety of solvents in different structural forms. The observed modes of crystallization and molecular conformation of the host compound were found to be primarily dependent on the nature of the solvent environment. Thus, from protic media such as water and wet acetic acid layered structures were formed which resemble intercalation type compounds. 

A possible explanation for the preference of living systems for the L (levorotatory) over the D (dextrorotatory) optical isomer may be associated with the stereoselective properties of layered minerals. To test this hypothesis, the rates of L- and D-histidine intercalation into HT layered compound was investigated using the pressure-jump relaxation technique (21). The rate constants and interlayer spacing based on this investigation are summarized in Table V. As shown the slightly enhanced rate for L-histidine suggests that relative chemical reactivity may be associated with natural selection of the L-form of amino acids in nature. 

This section looks at two other aspects of intercalation staging, a particular type of ordering in layered compounds and cointercalation, where more than one type of guest is intercalated in the same compound. 

Wu et al. (1999b) reported that the intercalated Fe Oj showed photocatalytic activity of evolution from a CH OH-HjO solution by transfer of the photoelectron from Fe Oj to the host layered compound, which decreased the recombination of electrons and holes under visible light irradiation. However, it was found in this work that hydrogen evolution under visible light was not due to photocatalytic decomposition of water (Wu et al., 1999b). 

Another vanadium oxide that has received much attention is LiVaOs, which has a layer structure composed of octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal ribbons that can be swelled just like other layered compounds and can intercalate lithium. Here again, the method of preparation is important to its electrochemical characteristics. West et al. made a systematic study of the impact of synthesis technique on capacity and cycling and showed that amorphous material increased the capacity above 2 V from 3—4 lithium per mole of LiVsOs at low current drains, 6—200 fiAlcm. ... 

Jang JS, Kim HG, Reddy VR, Bae SW, Ji SM, Lee JS (2005) Photocatalytic water splitting over iron oxide nanoparticles intercalated in HTiNb(Ta)05 layered compounds. J Gatal 231 213-222... 

MxMoS2 (M = Sr x = 0.2) Intercalation-type compound, layer structure. Tc = 5.6 K for the composition above. 

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